INL 260, THEME 1 [INFO CRIME AND CORRUPTION]
ICT CYBER CRIMES
• CRIME IS CONNECTED BY ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES CAUSE FROM PEOPLE
FROM OUTSIDE OF AN ORGANISATION
• THEY DEFINED BY LAW [SET EXTERNALLY]
• EXAMPLES: BREACH OF DATA PROTECTION, COPYRIGTH, DESIGNS AND
PATENTS. [REFERS TO THE ACT OF PERFORMING A CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
USING CYBER SPACE]
CRIMES USING ICTS
• CRIMES IN THE CYBER SPACE ARE MORE CONVENIENT, VERY
INEXPENSIVE THEREFORE IT IS MORE PROFITABLE THAN CRIMES
COMMITED USING TRADITIONAL MEANS
• THE INCREASE IN CYBER CRIMINAL ACTIVITY POSE CRITICAL
CHALLENGES FOR MAINTAINING THE TRUST AND SECURITY OF
GLOBAL COMPUTER INFRASTRUCTRE
THE INTERNET
• IT IS A GLOBAL NETWORK OF INTERCONNECTED COMPUTERS AND
DEVICES THAT ALLOW PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE AND SHARE
INFORMATION INSTANTLY
• CENSORSHIP, what should people be allowed to do and see?
• SECURITY, how can the security threats posed by the internet be
minimized?
• ETHICS: how can ethical use of the internet be ensured?
ETHICS AND CRIME
• INTERNATIONAL NATURE POSES SEVERAL PROBLEMS
, • WHAT IS LEGAL IN ONE COUNTRY MAY BE ILLEGAL IN ANOTHER [EG, IT
IS ILLEGAL TO SEND JUNK MAIL FROM THE USA BUT MOST COMES
FROM CHINA. IT IS ETHICAL THOUGH???????]
• WHAT CONSTITUTES AS OFFENSIVE MATERIAL IN ONE CULTURE
MIGHT BE ACCEPTABLE IN ANOTHER.
• STANDARD OF DECENCY MIGHT VARY BETWEEN, EUROPE, JAPAN AND
THE ISLAMIC WORLD.
THE CATEGORIES OF CYBER CRIMES
1. CYBERCRIMES AGAINST PERSONS. Cyber harassment (sexual, racial,
religious), it is the violation of privacy of online citizens, and it also
includes cyber stalking.
[CONTINUATION OF CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS]
• HACKING. This is gaining unauthorized access to a system or network,
and it can include destroying or altering its data. It can also be carried
out with authorization and involves more than just altering and
deletion of data (installing malware or stealing data without deletion)
• CRACKING. It is an older term often used to distinguish malicious
intruders (crackers) from skilled programmers (hackers). It is now
commonly referred to as password cracking (recovering passwords
through brute force or dictionary attacks) or software cracking
(removing copy protection). THE CORE IDEA IS ITS UNAUTHORISED
ACCESS WITH MALICIOUS INTENT.
• PHISHING: Social engineering attack in which attackers send
fraudulent comms using emails, texts or call that appear to from a
trusted source to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information
like passwords and credit card information.
• ATM SKIMMING: A type of fraud which occurs when an ATM is
compromised by a skimming device. A card reader can be disguised to
look like it. It saves the users card info which is then replicated into a
counterfeit option.
2
ICT CYBER CRIMES
• CRIME IS CONNECTED BY ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES CAUSE FROM PEOPLE
FROM OUTSIDE OF AN ORGANISATION
• THEY DEFINED BY LAW [SET EXTERNALLY]
• EXAMPLES: BREACH OF DATA PROTECTION, COPYRIGTH, DESIGNS AND
PATENTS. [REFERS TO THE ACT OF PERFORMING A CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
USING CYBER SPACE]
CRIMES USING ICTS
• CRIMES IN THE CYBER SPACE ARE MORE CONVENIENT, VERY
INEXPENSIVE THEREFORE IT IS MORE PROFITABLE THAN CRIMES
COMMITED USING TRADITIONAL MEANS
• THE INCREASE IN CYBER CRIMINAL ACTIVITY POSE CRITICAL
CHALLENGES FOR MAINTAINING THE TRUST AND SECURITY OF
GLOBAL COMPUTER INFRASTRUCTRE
THE INTERNET
• IT IS A GLOBAL NETWORK OF INTERCONNECTED COMPUTERS AND
DEVICES THAT ALLOW PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE AND SHARE
INFORMATION INSTANTLY
• CENSORSHIP, what should people be allowed to do and see?
• SECURITY, how can the security threats posed by the internet be
minimized?
• ETHICS: how can ethical use of the internet be ensured?
ETHICS AND CRIME
• INTERNATIONAL NATURE POSES SEVERAL PROBLEMS
, • WHAT IS LEGAL IN ONE COUNTRY MAY BE ILLEGAL IN ANOTHER [EG, IT
IS ILLEGAL TO SEND JUNK MAIL FROM THE USA BUT MOST COMES
FROM CHINA. IT IS ETHICAL THOUGH???????]
• WHAT CONSTITUTES AS OFFENSIVE MATERIAL IN ONE CULTURE
MIGHT BE ACCEPTABLE IN ANOTHER.
• STANDARD OF DECENCY MIGHT VARY BETWEEN, EUROPE, JAPAN AND
THE ISLAMIC WORLD.
THE CATEGORIES OF CYBER CRIMES
1. CYBERCRIMES AGAINST PERSONS. Cyber harassment (sexual, racial,
religious), it is the violation of privacy of online citizens, and it also
includes cyber stalking.
[CONTINUATION OF CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS]
• HACKING. This is gaining unauthorized access to a system or network,
and it can include destroying or altering its data. It can also be carried
out with authorization and involves more than just altering and
deletion of data (installing malware or stealing data without deletion)
• CRACKING. It is an older term often used to distinguish malicious
intruders (crackers) from skilled programmers (hackers). It is now
commonly referred to as password cracking (recovering passwords
through brute force or dictionary attacks) or software cracking
(removing copy protection). THE CORE IDEA IS ITS UNAUTHORISED
ACCESS WITH MALICIOUS INTENT.
• PHISHING: Social engineering attack in which attackers send
fraudulent comms using emails, texts or call that appear to from a
trusted source to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information
like passwords and credit card information.
• ATM SKIMMING: A type of fraud which occurs when an ATM is
compromised by a skimming device. A card reader can be disguised to
look like it. It saves the users card info which is then replicated into a
counterfeit option.
2
