ANEQ 320 UPDATED EXAMS STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Anaerobic vs. aerobic systems - ✔✔Glycolysis=anaerobic (cytoplasm)
TCA cycle=aerobic (mitochondria)
Electron transport chain= aerobic (mitochondria)
✔✔Net result of catabolic systems - ✔✔~36 ATP from glycolysis and TCA cycle, TCA
produces a lot
✔✔Abnormalities of CHO metabolism - ✔✔Glycosuria
Polyuria
Poldipsea
Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Ketosis
✔✔Hormonal control of CHO metabolism - ✔✔Insulin
Epinephrine
Glucagon
Epinephrine: fight/flight, medulla of adrenal gland, aids in breakdown of muscle
glycogen (increase blood glucose)
, Glucagon: (due to low glucose)
Pancreas alpha cells
Increase blood glucose
Increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Decrease glycolysis
✔✔Characteristics of lipids - ✔✔Polar charged head (hydrophilic), hydrophobic tail (non
polar)
3 carbon glycerol and fatty acid tail
✔✔Energy from lipids vs. CHOs - ✔✔1g fat= 9.45 kcal
1g CHO= 4.2 kcal
Fat has 2.25x more energy
✔✔Components of fats and oils - ✔✔Compose of glycerol and fatty acids
✔✔Naming a fatty acid - ✔✔Omega: count from CH3 end
Count C total, then put number of double bonds, then n-# of C to first double bond
Ex. 18:2, n-6
Delta: count from carboxyl end
Count C total, then put number of double bonds, then delta sign raised to the number of
carbons where double bond is
EX. 18:2, delta^9,12
✔✔Common fatty acids in plants and animals - ✔✔Animal: Palmitic acid (16:0)
Stearic acid (18:0)
Plant:
Oleic (18:1, n-9)
Lnoleic (18:2, n-6)
Linolenic (18:3, n-3)
EPA (20:5, n-3), DHA (22:6, n-3)
✔✔Compound lipids - ✔✔Contain sugar, P or N group
Includes:
glycolipids
phospholipids
lipoprotins (HDL, LDL)
✔✔Steroids - ✔✔Includes:
Sterols
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Anaerobic vs. aerobic systems - ✔✔Glycolysis=anaerobic (cytoplasm)
TCA cycle=aerobic (mitochondria)
Electron transport chain= aerobic (mitochondria)
✔✔Net result of catabolic systems - ✔✔~36 ATP from glycolysis and TCA cycle, TCA
produces a lot
✔✔Abnormalities of CHO metabolism - ✔✔Glycosuria
Polyuria
Poldipsea
Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes
Ketosis
✔✔Hormonal control of CHO metabolism - ✔✔Insulin
Epinephrine
Glucagon
Epinephrine: fight/flight, medulla of adrenal gland, aids in breakdown of muscle
glycogen (increase blood glucose)
, Glucagon: (due to low glucose)
Pancreas alpha cells
Increase blood glucose
Increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Decrease glycolysis
✔✔Characteristics of lipids - ✔✔Polar charged head (hydrophilic), hydrophobic tail (non
polar)
3 carbon glycerol and fatty acid tail
✔✔Energy from lipids vs. CHOs - ✔✔1g fat= 9.45 kcal
1g CHO= 4.2 kcal
Fat has 2.25x more energy
✔✔Components of fats and oils - ✔✔Compose of glycerol and fatty acids
✔✔Naming a fatty acid - ✔✔Omega: count from CH3 end
Count C total, then put number of double bonds, then n-# of C to first double bond
Ex. 18:2, n-6
Delta: count from carboxyl end
Count C total, then put number of double bonds, then delta sign raised to the number of
carbons where double bond is
EX. 18:2, delta^9,12
✔✔Common fatty acids in plants and animals - ✔✔Animal: Palmitic acid (16:0)
Stearic acid (18:0)
Plant:
Oleic (18:1, n-9)
Lnoleic (18:2, n-6)
Linolenic (18:3, n-3)
EPA (20:5, n-3), DHA (22:6, n-3)
✔✔Compound lipids - ✔✔Contain sugar, P or N group
Includes:
glycolipids
phospholipids
lipoprotins (HDL, LDL)
✔✔Steroids - ✔✔Includes:
Sterols
