ANEQ 320 COMPREHENSIVE EXAMS UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Lipolysis - ✔✔Produces energy which frees up fatty acids from adipocytes= energy
All organs use except braina nd RBCs
✔✔Beta oxidation - ✔✔Occurs in the mitochondria
Stepwise removal of 2C
Each division produces 5 ATP
C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-C
7 breaks and 5 ATP per break= 35
8 acetyl coA produced x 12 (TCA)= 96ATP
35+96=121 ATP
✔✔Ketone bodies - ✔✔Produced during increased energy demands
Fat mobilized
B hydroxyacetone
, Acetoacetic acid
Acetone
Decrease in oxaloacetate= ketone bodies
Increase in ketone bodies results in ketosis
✔✔Acetyl CoA - ✔✔2Cs
Each 2Cs produced in beta oxidation=12 ATP from TCA cycle
Can help synthesize fatty acids
✔✔Oxalocacetate - ✔✔Required for TCA cycle to begin
When low glucose concentrations the body takes oxaloacetate which causes an
accumulation of acetyl coA leading to ketosis
✔✔Amino acids - ✔✔Linked together via peptide bonds
Made of amino group, R group, and carboxyl group
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
✔✔Denatured - ✔✔Changes to chemical, physical, or biological properties
pH extremes, alcohols, heat
Decreases digestibility
Can cause a malliard type reaction (carmelization)
✔✔Phosphoproteins - ✔✔Complex proteins with non protein prosthetic group
✔✔Non protein N - ✔✔Source of nitrogen only
Microbes that digest cellulose prefer non protein N as nitrogen source
Good for ruminants, take ammonia and urea and form amino acids
✔✔Pepsinogen - ✔✔inactive (zymogen)
✔✔Pepsin - ✔✔active enzyme
activated by HCl
breaks peptide bonds
✔✔Urease - ✔✔Ubiquitous--everywhere
Breaks down urea
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Lipolysis - ✔✔Produces energy which frees up fatty acids from adipocytes= energy
All organs use except braina nd RBCs
✔✔Beta oxidation - ✔✔Occurs in the mitochondria
Stepwise removal of 2C
Each division produces 5 ATP
C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-CI C-C
7 breaks and 5 ATP per break= 35
8 acetyl coA produced x 12 (TCA)= 96ATP
35+96=121 ATP
✔✔Ketone bodies - ✔✔Produced during increased energy demands
Fat mobilized
B hydroxyacetone
, Acetoacetic acid
Acetone
Decrease in oxaloacetate= ketone bodies
Increase in ketone bodies results in ketosis
✔✔Acetyl CoA - ✔✔2Cs
Each 2Cs produced in beta oxidation=12 ATP from TCA cycle
Can help synthesize fatty acids
✔✔Oxalocacetate - ✔✔Required for TCA cycle to begin
When low glucose concentrations the body takes oxaloacetate which causes an
accumulation of acetyl coA leading to ketosis
✔✔Amino acids - ✔✔Linked together via peptide bonds
Made of amino group, R group, and carboxyl group
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
✔✔Denatured - ✔✔Changes to chemical, physical, or biological properties
pH extremes, alcohols, heat
Decreases digestibility
Can cause a malliard type reaction (carmelization)
✔✔Phosphoproteins - ✔✔Complex proteins with non protein prosthetic group
✔✔Non protein N - ✔✔Source of nitrogen only
Microbes that digest cellulose prefer non protein N as nitrogen source
Good for ruminants, take ammonia and urea and form amino acids
✔✔Pepsinogen - ✔✔inactive (zymogen)
✔✔Pepsin - ✔✔active enzyme
activated by HCl
breaks peptide bonds
✔✔Urease - ✔✔Ubiquitous--everywhere
Breaks down urea
