COMSAE Phase 1 Form 113 Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of community-
acquired pneumonia in adults?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of community-
acquired pneumonia in adults due to its high prevalence in the upper
respiratory tract and its ability to evade host defenses.
2. A 25-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe chest
pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray shows a collapsed right lung. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
, A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Pneumonia
Spontaneous pneumothorax commonly occurs in young, tall, thin
males and presents with sudden unilateral chest pain and dyspnea,
often with a visible collapsed lung on imaging.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with night
blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin K
Vitamin A is essential for the formation of rhodopsin in the retina;
deficiency impairs vision in low light, leading to night blindness.
4. The initial management of anaphylaxis should include:
A. Oral antihistamines
B. Intramuscular epinephrine
C. Corticosteroids
D. Intravenous fluids only
,Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis
because it rapidly reverses airway obstruction, hypotension, and
urticaria.
5. Which of the following is the most common type of
hypersensitivity reaction in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type II
D. Type III
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia involves IgG or IgM antibodies
directed against red blood cell antigens, fitting the type II
hypersensitivity mechanism (antibody-mediated cytotoxicity).
6. A 45-year-old male with chronic alcohol use presents with
confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Which vitamin deficiency
is likely?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin D
C. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
D. Niacin
, Wernicke’s encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency,
classically seen in chronic alcoholics, presenting with the triad of
confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia.
7. Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with
chronic kidney disease?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
In chronic kidney disease, impaired renal excretion leads to potassium
retention, causing hyperkalemia, which can be life-threatening.
8. A patient presents with hyperpigmentation, hypotension, and
hyponatremia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Addison disease
D. Conn syndrome
Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) leads to low cortisol
and aldosterone levels, resulting in hyperpigmentation, hypotension,
and electrolyte disturbances.
Questions and Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2026
Q&A | Instant Download Pdf
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of community-
acquired pneumonia in adults?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent cause of community-
acquired pneumonia in adults due to its high prevalence in the upper
respiratory tract and its ability to evade host defenses.
2. A 25-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe chest
pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray shows a collapsed right lung. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
, A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Spontaneous pneumothorax
C. Myocardial infarction
D. Pneumonia
Spontaneous pneumothorax commonly occurs in young, tall, thin
males and presents with sudden unilateral chest pain and dyspnea,
often with a visible collapsed lung on imaging.
3. Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with night
blindness?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin K
Vitamin A is essential for the formation of rhodopsin in the retina;
deficiency impairs vision in low light, leading to night blindness.
4. The initial management of anaphylaxis should include:
A. Oral antihistamines
B. Intramuscular epinephrine
C. Corticosteroids
D. Intravenous fluids only
,Intramuscular epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis
because it rapidly reverses airway obstruction, hypotension, and
urticaria.
5. Which of the following is the most common type of
hypersensitivity reaction in autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type II
D. Type III
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia involves IgG or IgM antibodies
directed against red blood cell antigens, fitting the type II
hypersensitivity mechanism (antibody-mediated cytotoxicity).
6. A 45-year-old male with chronic alcohol use presents with
confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Which vitamin deficiency
is likely?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Vitamin D
C. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
D. Niacin
, Wernicke’s encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency,
classically seen in chronic alcoholics, presenting with the triad of
confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia.
7. Which electrolyte abnormality is most commonly associated with
chronic kidney disease?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
In chronic kidney disease, impaired renal excretion leads to potassium
retention, causing hyperkalemia, which can be life-threatening.
8. A patient presents with hyperpigmentation, hypotension, and
hyponatremia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Addison disease
D. Conn syndrome
Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) leads to low cortisol
and aldosterone levels, resulting in hyperpigmentation, hypotension,
and electrolyte disturbances.
