Nurs 221 Exam 3 – Practice Questions & Answers |
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Terms in this set (131)
Glucose regulation Process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels;
also known as glycemic control.
Hypoglycemia Blood sugar less than 70
euglycemia Blood sugar 70-14- normal
Hyperglycemia Blood sugar greater than 140
Prediabetes a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher
than normal, but not high enough to be classified as
type 2 diabetes
gestational diabetes a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some
pregnancies
type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin
occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for
survival
Type 1 occurs at an age less than 30 years of age
,type 2 diabetes(pg:1267&1271) Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults
and most often obese individuals and that is
characterized by high blood glucose resulting from
impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's
inability to compensate with increased insulin
production.
- Adult onset (80-90 percent of all diabetics)
- Low carb diet
- Insulin resistant
Risks:
- obesity
- age greater than 30 it can occur
- Genetics
Physical Changes in Type 1 diabetes - chronic long lasting health condition
Type One 3 P's Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Gluconeogenesis the making of glucose from a noncarbohydrate
source such as amino acids or glycerol. Convert
protein and fat stores back into glucose
Glycogenolysis Liver breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycogen An extensively branched glucose storage
polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of
animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
Glucagon A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic
endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an
antagonistic hormone to insulin. Glucose is gone.
3 acid base control actions and Chemical Buffers, Respiratory, Kidneys
mechanisms
, Risk Factors for Type 2 diabetes Smoking
obesity
Poor diet
Sedentary lifestyle
Genetics: family history
Vascular changes: hypertension, atherosclerosis,
PAD, PVD
Perfusion issues
polyuria excessive urination
polydipsia Excessive thirst that persists for long periods of time,
despite reasonable fluid intake. Often the result of
excessive urination.
polyphagia excessive hunger
Physical Changes in Type 2 diabetes -Pancreas works sometimes others not
- Not sufficient enough to accept insulin
Insulin - With meals
- Before meals
- Rapid insulin: quick acting
- Long acting: glucose stays more even throughout
the day
How do we assess patient with - skin assessment: wounds that are not healing
Diabetes? What do your findings tell - A1C
you about the patient? - Fasting glucose
- vision changes
- Labs: A1C, cholesterol, lipid profile
- Peripheral neuropathy
- retinopathy
- foot ulcers
Nephropathy disease of the kidney
Retinopathy disease of the retina
Proven Study Guide With Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (131)
Glucose regulation Process of maintaining optimal blood glucose levels;
also known as glycemic control.
Hypoglycemia Blood sugar less than 70
euglycemia Blood sugar 70-14- normal
Hyperglycemia Blood sugar greater than 140
Prediabetes a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher
than normal, but not high enough to be classified as
type 2 diabetes
gestational diabetes a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some
pregnancies
type 1 diabetes mellitus diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin
occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for
survival
Type 1 occurs at an age less than 30 years of age
,type 2 diabetes(pg:1267&1271) Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults
and most often obese individuals and that is
characterized by high blood glucose resulting from
impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's
inability to compensate with increased insulin
production.
- Adult onset (80-90 percent of all diabetics)
- Low carb diet
- Insulin resistant
Risks:
- obesity
- age greater than 30 it can occur
- Genetics
Physical Changes in Type 1 diabetes - chronic long lasting health condition
Type One 3 P's Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Gluconeogenesis the making of glucose from a noncarbohydrate
source such as amino acids or glycerol. Convert
protein and fat stores back into glucose
Glycogenolysis Liver breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycogen An extensively branched glucose storage
polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of
animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
Glucagon A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic
endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an
antagonistic hormone to insulin. Glucose is gone.
3 acid base control actions and Chemical Buffers, Respiratory, Kidneys
mechanisms
, Risk Factors for Type 2 diabetes Smoking
obesity
Poor diet
Sedentary lifestyle
Genetics: family history
Vascular changes: hypertension, atherosclerosis,
PAD, PVD
Perfusion issues
polyuria excessive urination
polydipsia Excessive thirst that persists for long periods of time,
despite reasonable fluid intake. Often the result of
excessive urination.
polyphagia excessive hunger
Physical Changes in Type 2 diabetes -Pancreas works sometimes others not
- Not sufficient enough to accept insulin
Insulin - With meals
- Before meals
- Rapid insulin: quick acting
- Long acting: glucose stays more even throughout
the day
How do we assess patient with - skin assessment: wounds that are not healing
Diabetes? What do your findings tell - A1C
you about the patient? - Fasting glucose
- vision changes
- Labs: A1C, cholesterol, lipid profile
- Peripheral neuropathy
- retinopathy
- foot ulcers
Nephropathy disease of the kidney
Retinopathy disease of the retina
