Assignment 4 Semester 2 2026
Unique number:
Due date: 28 August 2026
, STEP 1: IS THIS OK?
1. Analysis of the inequality using John Rawls’ three principles
Principle 1: Greatest equal liberty
Rawls’ first principle requires every person to enjoy the same basic freedoms,
provided that these freedoms can also be enjoyed by other members of society
(Rawls, 1971:60). When this principle is applied to the difference between extreme
wealth and poverty in South Africa, the starting point is that a wealthy
businessperson has the right to own property, invest money and build successful
companies. Poor workers and communities must also enjoy equal rights to dignity,
political participation, freedom of expression and lawful economic activity.
The concern is that severe poverty can weaken a person’s practical ability to enjoy
these freedoms, even when those rights exist legally. Someone who cannot afford
transport, proper housing or basic daily needs may have fewer real choices than
someone with substantial financial resources. This does not mean that wealth itself
violates equal liberty, but it does mean that society must protect the basic rights and
dignity of poor people with the same seriousness given to the rights of wealthy
people.
Principle 2a: Equality of fair opportunity
Rawls’ second principle requires positions and opportunities to be genuinely open to
everyone under fair conditions, rather than only being available in theory (Rawls,
1971:60). This is important in South Africa because people do not all begin life with
the same access to education, financial support, transport, technology and useful
social connections.
A learner growing up in a poor mining community may work extremely hard but still
face disadvantages that a child from a wealthy family does not experience. Both may
legally be free to study, start a company or enter the mining industry, yet their real
chances of reaching the same position may be very different. A fair society should
therefore reduce unfair disadvantages linked to family income and social
background.