1|Page
CMY2603 Assignment 1 Semester 1 2026 (Answer Guide) - DUE March
2026
VERIFIED AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS. WRITTEN IN REQUIRED FORMAT AND WITHIN
GIVEN GUIDELINES. IT IS GOOD TO USE AS A GUIDE AND FOR REFERENCE, NEVER
PLAGARIZE. Thank you and success in your academics.
UNISA, 2026
Contents
1. QUESTION 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Family Dysfunction and Poor Parenting ................................................................................. 2
1.3 Poverty and Socio-Economic Inequality ................................................................................. 3
1.4 Exposure to Community Violence ............................................................................................ 4
1.5 Peer Influence and Gang Association ..................................................................................... 4
1.6 School-Related Factors ............................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2. QUESTION 2 ...............................................................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5
2.2 Definition of Acculturation ..................................................................................................6
2.3 Historical Eurocentric Influence on Socialisation and Discipline..................................6
2.3.1 Colonial and Missionary Education ............................................................................6
2.3.2 Apartheid and Authoritarian Discipline ......................................................................7
2.4 Contemporary Social Changes and Their Impact ............................................................7
2.4.1 Urbanisation and Breakdown of Extended Family Systems....................................7
2.4.2 Globalisation and Media Influence ..............................................................................8
2.4.3 Legal Reforms and Changes in Discipline .................................................................8
2.5 Acculturation, Identity Conflict and Youth Misbehaviour ...............................................9
2.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................9
LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 10
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1. QUESTION 1
1.1 Introduction
Youth misbehaviour in South Africa remains a significant social concern, particularly in
the context of high levels of violence, inequality and socio-economic instability. Risk
factors refer to conditions or characteristics that increase the likelihood that a child or
young person will engage in aggressive, violent, criminal or disruptive behaviour
(Bezuidenhout, 2020). These factors operate at different levels, including the family,
school, peer group and broader community.
This section discusses five major risk factors associated with youth misbehaviour in
South Africa. For each risk factor, an explanation is provided of how it contributes to
aggressive or criminal behaviour, followed by a brief South African example illustrating
the link.
1.2 Family Dysfunction and Poor Parenting
Family is the primary agent of socialisation. When families are characterised by conflict,
neglect, inconsistent discipline, substance abuse or domestic violence, children are
more likely to develop behavioural problems (Burton and Leoschut, 2013).
Poor parental supervision reduces the monitoring of children’s activities, increasing
exposure to deviant peers and criminal opportunities. Inconsistent discipline may also
create confusion about acceptable behaviour, resulting in defiance and aggression.
According to social learning theory, children model behaviour observed in caregivers.
Therefore, exposure to violence within the home normalises aggression as a conflict-
resolution strategy (Bandura, 1977).
In South Africa, many children grow up in households affected by intimate partner
violence or parental substance abuse. For example, in communities affected by alcohol
abuse in the Western Cape, children exposed to frequent domestic conflict often display
CMY2603 Assignment 1 Semester 1 2026 (Answer Guide) - DUE March
2026
VERIFIED AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS. WRITTEN IN REQUIRED FORMAT AND WITHIN
GIVEN GUIDELINES. IT IS GOOD TO USE AS A GUIDE AND FOR REFERENCE, NEVER
PLAGARIZE. Thank you and success in your academics.
UNISA, 2026
Contents
1. QUESTION 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Family Dysfunction and Poor Parenting ................................................................................. 2
1.3 Poverty and Socio-Economic Inequality ................................................................................. 3
1.4 Exposure to Community Violence ............................................................................................ 4
1.5 Peer Influence and Gang Association ..................................................................................... 4
1.6 School-Related Factors ............................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2. QUESTION 2 ...............................................................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5
2.2 Definition of Acculturation ..................................................................................................6
2.3 Historical Eurocentric Influence on Socialisation and Discipline..................................6
2.3.1 Colonial and Missionary Education ............................................................................6
2.3.2 Apartheid and Authoritarian Discipline ......................................................................7
2.4 Contemporary Social Changes and Their Impact ............................................................7
2.4.1 Urbanisation and Breakdown of Extended Family Systems....................................7
2.4.2 Globalisation and Media Influence ..............................................................................8
2.4.3 Legal Reforms and Changes in Discipline .................................................................8
2.5 Acculturation, Identity Conflict and Youth Misbehaviour ...............................................9
2.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................9
LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 10
, 2|Page
1. QUESTION 1
1.1 Introduction
Youth misbehaviour in South Africa remains a significant social concern, particularly in
the context of high levels of violence, inequality and socio-economic instability. Risk
factors refer to conditions or characteristics that increase the likelihood that a child or
young person will engage in aggressive, violent, criminal or disruptive behaviour
(Bezuidenhout, 2020). These factors operate at different levels, including the family,
school, peer group and broader community.
This section discusses five major risk factors associated with youth misbehaviour in
South Africa. For each risk factor, an explanation is provided of how it contributes to
aggressive or criminal behaviour, followed by a brief South African example illustrating
the link.
1.2 Family Dysfunction and Poor Parenting
Family is the primary agent of socialisation. When families are characterised by conflict,
neglect, inconsistent discipline, substance abuse or domestic violence, children are
more likely to develop behavioural problems (Burton and Leoschut, 2013).
Poor parental supervision reduces the monitoring of children’s activities, increasing
exposure to deviant peers and criminal opportunities. Inconsistent discipline may also
create confusion about acceptable behaviour, resulting in defiance and aggression.
According to social learning theory, children model behaviour observed in caregivers.
Therefore, exposure to violence within the home normalises aggression as a conflict-
resolution strategy (Bandura, 1977).
In South Africa, many children grow up in households affected by intimate partner
violence or parental substance abuse. For example, in communities affected by alcohol
abuse in the Western Cape, children exposed to frequent domestic conflict often display
