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AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GRADE 11
TERM 1
2026
@IMPAQ T1_2023, @IMPAQ T1_2021, @IMPAQ JUN 2019, @IMPAQ JUN 2020, @IMPAQ JUN 2021, @IMPAQ JUN 2023 & @IMPAQ JUN 2024
These Grade 11 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 study notes have been compiled to help
learners prepare systematically and with confidence for formal assessments and
examinations. The purpose of this document is to guide learners through the most
important concepts, terminology and application-type questions that are regularly
tested in Agricultural Sciences.
For more @Juffrou Ansie study notes and learning support products:
Good luck with your preparation!
Juffrou Ansie
CONTENT:
1. BASIC AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY...................................................................... 5
2. CHEMICAL BONDING ....................................................................................... 14
3. INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS......................................................... 18
@Juffrou_Ansie
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4. ALKANES AND ALCOHOLS ................................................................................ 23
5. FATTY ACIDS AND BIOMOLECULES.................................................................... 26
6. PROTEINS ........................................................................................................ 30
7. CARBOHYDRATES ............................................................................................ 31
8. SOIL SCIENCE .................................................................................................. 32
Soil texture .............................................................................................................. 32
Soil structure .......................................................................................................... 40
Soil colour & Soil pores ............................................................................................ 42
Multiple choice questions
Tropical soil Tropical soil often acquires a red colour due to an abundance
of minerals rich in iron oxide.
Carbon Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level.
Molecule The smallest particle of a substance that exists independently
and still exhibits the properties of the substance.
Humus colloids Structure that relates to the natural cohesion of soil particles to
form larger structural units is called humus colloids.
Mass density Bulk density of soil is the mass per unit volume of oven-dried
soil, expressed in kilograms per cubic meter.
Methanol The simplest alcohol. Alcohol is made from sugar cane and can
be used as fuel for motor vehicles.
Organic compounds The compounds where the most important bond is found
between the atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
Alkanes Hydrocarbons that vary from one carbon atom per molecule to
chains of sixty or more carbon atoms
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Block-shaped For plant growth, block-shaped structure is the desired
structure structural form, and it is also strongly influenced by the
presence of organic matter.
block-shaped The simplest amino acids.
structure
Isotopes Atoms with the same atomic number.
Dispersion To scatter or distribute around
Macropore space Determine the movement of water and air in the soil.
The periodic table The elements are arranged and grouped according to their
chemical and physical properties.
Neutralization When an acidic solution is mixed with an alkaline solution, a
chemical reaction occurs.
Organisms / Organic Consists mainly of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen, as
matter well as small amounts of other elements.
Adipose tissue / Fat In many animals, it forms a protective layer under the skin,
protecting against cold and bumps.
Soil texture Refers to different particle sizes in the soil.
Glycogen The form in which carbohydrates are stored in animals.
Hydrogen 1 proton
0 neutrons
1 electron
The chemical formula
for water
Radical A radical refers to two or more bonded atoms, which form part
of a molecule, and which have at least one free, unpaired
electron, for example carbonate (CO32-) and sulphate (SO42-).
Complex Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides (more than two
carbohydrates monomers are linked). When two monosaccharides bind, a
disaccharide is formed, while a single water molecule (H2O) is
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
released. Different or similar monosaccharides can bind.
Enzymes are usually needed to cause this reaction
Porosity Porosity is the total volume occupied by pores per unit volume
of soil and is calculated from bulk density and particle density
Conjugated proteins Consists of simple proteins that combine with a non-
proteinaceous substance.
Derived proteins: These are proteins that do not occur naturally
Structureless-massive Structureless-massive is a condition found in potting clay.
Mixtures Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances in which
each substance retains its own chemical identity, and therefore
its own properties
Biomolecules Molecules in living organisms. Any molecules produced by a
living organism
Elements of biomolecules:
• Oxygen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen
Types of disaccharides Sucrose regular table sugar.
Lactose the most important sugar in milk.
Maltose a product of the digestion of sugar
Agricultural This includes improving the quality of a crop, or its resistance to
biotechnology pests and diseases. Genetically engineered crops are
developed to be resistant to the herbicides used in the fields
Isomers Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but
where their atoms are arranged differently
Elektrone in die buitenste energievlak van ’n atoom wat
Valenselektrone betrokke is by chemiese binding.
@Juffrou_Ansie
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
GRADE 11
TERM 1
2026
@IMPAQ T1_2023, @IMPAQ T1_2021, @IMPAQ JUN 2019, @IMPAQ JUN 2020, @IMPAQ JUN 2021, @IMPAQ JUN 2023 & @IMPAQ JUN 2024
These Grade 11 Agricultural Sciences Term 1 study notes have been compiled to help
learners prepare systematically and with confidence for formal assessments and
examinations. The purpose of this document is to guide learners through the most
important concepts, terminology and application-type questions that are regularly
tested in Agricultural Sciences.
For more @Juffrou Ansie study notes and learning support products:
Good luck with your preparation!
Juffrou Ansie
CONTENT:
1. BASIC AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY...................................................................... 5
2. CHEMICAL BONDING ....................................................................................... 14
3. INORGANIC AND ORGANIC COMPOUNDS......................................................... 18
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
4. ALKANES AND ALCOHOLS ................................................................................ 23
5. FATTY ACIDS AND BIOMOLECULES.................................................................... 26
6. PROTEINS ........................................................................................................ 30
7. CARBOHYDRATES ............................................................................................ 31
8. SOIL SCIENCE .................................................................................................. 32
Soil texture .............................................................................................................. 32
Soil structure .......................................................................................................... 40
Soil colour & Soil pores ............................................................................................ 42
Multiple choice questions
Tropical soil Tropical soil often acquires a red colour due to an abundance
of minerals rich in iron oxide.
Carbon Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level.
Molecule The smallest particle of a substance that exists independently
and still exhibits the properties of the substance.
Humus colloids Structure that relates to the natural cohesion of soil particles to
form larger structural units is called humus colloids.
Mass density Bulk density of soil is the mass per unit volume of oven-dried
soil, expressed in kilograms per cubic meter.
Methanol The simplest alcohol. Alcohol is made from sugar cane and can
be used as fuel for motor vehicles.
Organic compounds The compounds where the most important bond is found
between the atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
Alkanes Hydrocarbons that vary from one carbon atom per molecule to
chains of sixty or more carbon atoms
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Block-shaped For plant growth, block-shaped structure is the desired
structure structural form, and it is also strongly influenced by the
presence of organic matter.
block-shaped The simplest amino acids.
structure
Isotopes Atoms with the same atomic number.
Dispersion To scatter or distribute around
Macropore space Determine the movement of water and air in the soil.
The periodic table The elements are arranged and grouped according to their
chemical and physical properties.
Neutralization When an acidic solution is mixed with an alkaline solution, a
chemical reaction occurs.
Organisms / Organic Consists mainly of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen, as
matter well as small amounts of other elements.
Adipose tissue / Fat In many animals, it forms a protective layer under the skin,
protecting against cold and bumps.
Soil texture Refers to different particle sizes in the soil.
Glycogen The form in which carbohydrates are stored in animals.
Hydrogen 1 proton
0 neutrons
1 electron
The chemical formula
for water
Radical A radical refers to two or more bonded atoms, which form part
of a molecule, and which have at least one free, unpaired
electron, for example carbonate (CO32-) and sulphate (SO42-).
Complex Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides (more than two
carbohydrates monomers are linked). When two monosaccharides bind, a
disaccharide is formed, while a single water molecule (H2O) is
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
released. Different or similar monosaccharides can bind.
Enzymes are usually needed to cause this reaction
Porosity Porosity is the total volume occupied by pores per unit volume
of soil and is calculated from bulk density and particle density
Conjugated proteins Consists of simple proteins that combine with a non-
proteinaceous substance.
Derived proteins: These are proteins that do not occur naturally
Structureless-massive Structureless-massive is a condition found in potting clay.
Mixtures Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances in which
each substance retains its own chemical identity, and therefore
its own properties
Biomolecules Molecules in living organisms. Any molecules produced by a
living organism
Elements of biomolecules:
• Oxygen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Nitrogen
Types of disaccharides Sucrose regular table sugar.
Lactose the most important sugar in milk.
Maltose a product of the digestion of sugar
Agricultural This includes improving the quality of a crop, or its resistance to
biotechnology pests and diseases. Genetically engineered crops are
developed to be resistant to the herbicides used in the fields
Isomers Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but
where their atoms are arranged differently
Elektrone in die buitenste energievlak van ’n atoom wat
Valenselektrone betrokke is by chemiese binding.
@Juffrou_Ansie
