university of michigan

Attrition bias - Answer a selection effect (similar to the survival effect) in which some patients drop out of a research study or data is lost in some other way that can result in unreliable evidence Echo chambers - Answer a metaphor used for the situation when our sources of information and opinion have all been selected to support our opinions and preferences. This includes our own selection of media and friends with similar viewpoints but also results from the fact that social...

Learning all about how to reason well... a is not enough to become a good reasoner; the right skills and mindset are also necessary b is enough to become a good reasoner as long as your knowledge is paired with the right skills c is not important because, just like in sports, the only thing that matters is skill d is unnecessary: all you need is the right mindset of curiosity, openness, and perseverance - Answer a is not enough to become a good reasoner; the right skills and minds...

Attrition Bias - Answer Selection effect when some patients drop out of a study or data is lost in some way which results in unreliable evidence Echo Chamber - Answer When our sources of info and opinion have been selected to support our opinions. Evidence for H - Answer When a fact is more probable given H than given not H, it is at least some evidence for H. We should increase our degree of confidence in H by some degree. The evidence test - Answer Is evidence ...

system 1 - Answer involuntary, automatic, quick rash decisions system 2 - Answer thought, emotion, time Priming - Answer implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus Florida Effect - Answer set of words prime thought of old age - thoughts prime a behavior of walking slowly, which is associated with old age framing - Answer people react to or make a certain choice based on how it is presented to th...

QUIZ 1: - Answer We are primarily using System 1 (effortless, automatic) processes in the following tasks: (Choose every answer that applies.) - Recognizing faces - Deciding how we feel about someone the moment we first see them - Questioning whether our side of an argument is actually correct - Interpreting sounds in our native language as meaningful words - Using reasoning skills to justify our initial inclinations - Calculating a 17% tip at a restaurant - Knowing w...

what theories are and what it should take to be confident in them - Answer A theory is any claim (or group of claims) that explains why we observe some of the things we do. what it means for two claims to be probabilistically independent - Answer Two claims A and B are probabilistically independent when P ( A ) = P( A | B ). how the general conjunction & disjunction rules works what the planning fallacy is, and how it relates to conjunction - Answer Conjunction rule: P( A...

The concept of scarcity in economics refers to A. unlimited resources and limited wants. B. limited resources and unlimited wants. C. the fact that resources can sometimes be limited. D. a shortage of food. - Answer B. limited resources and unlimited wants. What is the term for the voluntary exchange of goods and services between two or more parties? A. trade B. trade-offs C. specialization D. opportunity cost - Answer A. trade Incentives can be classified as A. positi...

Economics - Answer The study of how society manages its scarce resources Scarcity - Answer The limited nature of society's resources Efficiency - Answer The property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources Equality - Answer The property of distributing economic prosperity uniformly among the members of society Opportunity Cost - Answer Whatever must be given up to obtain some item; measures trade-offs Incentive - Answer S...

In a ____________, most economic decisions about what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom to produce it are made by buyers and sellers. - Answer market-oriented economy In the first chapter of The Wealth of Nations, Smith introduces the idea of the, which means the way in which the work required to produce a good or service is divided into a number of tasks that are performed by different workers. Group of answer choices - Answer division of labor In the _________, hou...

what affects your decision via the interdependence principle? (4) - Answer your other decisions, (you have limited resources, other constraints) decisions made by others within the market, decisions made by others in other markets, expectations over time What drives all economic forces? - Answer individual decisions Name the four core principles of economics - Answer cost benefit, opportunity cost, marginal, interdependence Buy when costs (<,>,=) benefits - Answe...