Indiana University Bloomington

Judicial settlement conference - Answer An informal meeting during a pre-trial conference where the judge assigned to the case assists the parties in settlement discussions is referred to as Special Master - Answer A court-appointed neutral who designs settlement options in complex, class-action cases (private sector) or in response to a national disaster (public sector) is know as a summary jury trial - Answer A pre-trial proceeding for complex civil cases header for a j...

adjudication - Answer a public and adversarial dispute resolution process in which disputants present proofs and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to issue a binding decision based on objective standards arbitration - Answer a private and adversarial dispute resolution process in which disputants present proofs and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to issue a binding decision based on objective standards advantages of arbitration over adjud...

A party's perspective on how a issue or conflict should be resolved - Answer Position Things that drive people to take the positions they take - Answer Interests Which approach to conflict takes the least amount of time and money - Answer Reconciling underlying interests Point in which a negotiator would like to conclude negotiations - Answer Target point Distributive bargaining tactics include: - Answer split the difference, red herring, boulwarism ...

Adjudication - Answer A public and adversarial dispute resolution process in which disputants present proofs and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to issue a binding decision based on objective standards. Arbitration - Answer A private and adversarial dispute resolution in which disputants present proofs and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to issue a binding decision based on objective standards. Difference between adjudication and arbitr...

ABA Definition of OMBUDS - Answer -receive complaints and questions from individuals concerning people within an entity/functioning of an entity. -They work for the resolution of particular issues and, where appropriate, make recommendations for the improvement of the general administration of the entities they serve. -protect: the legitimate interests and rights of individuals with respect to each other; individual rights against the excesses of public and private bureaucracies; and...

H411 MIDTERM (Latest Update 2026 / 2027) Questions & Answers {Grade A } 100% Correct

Torts - Answer --wrongful acts for which an injured party has the right to sue (how people sue each other) --civil wrong that causes harm to person or property Torts include - Answer 1) civil and criminal matters 2) verifiable harm 3) dispute over rights of person or property of gov Negligence elements - Answer 1) Degree of Duty 2) Standard of Care 3) Proximate Cause Duty ==> Breach ==> Damages Degree of Duty - Answer risk of injury; foreseeable t...

Purpose of Government - Answer to protect those natural rights that the individual cannot effectively protect in a state of nature public goods - Answer a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization. Deficit - Answer The amount of money a year the government spends above what it takes in. debt - Answer something, typically money, that is owed or due Externali...

Civil Liberties - Answer Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens Standards of Review - Answer The levels of deference the Court gives governments to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics. These standards stem from the Court's need to ensure that laws do not undermine the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. Rational Basis - Answer In U.S. constitutional law, the lowest level of scrutiny applied by courts...

Magna Carta (1215) - Answer Established idea of limited gov't, required king to consult nobles, this idea morphed into parliament Petition of Right (1628) - Answer Gave commoners rights such as... 1. No taxes without parliament consent 2. No subject may be imprisoned without cause 3. No soldiers quartered upon citizenry 4. Martial law is not used in time of peace English Bill of Rights (1689) - Answer Freedom of speech in parliament and free elections to parliament...

Bill of Rights - Answer First 10 amendments to the Constitution Common Law - Answer (civil law) a law established by following earlier judicial decisions Marbury v. Madison - Answer This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review Wickard v. Filburn - Answer Farmer grew more wheat than allowed because he was being funded by congress. Congress said they could regulate that because even though it was for his personal consumption, it would effec...

How to identify the elements of a crime from statute (combination of act and intent - Answer Crim Law requires culpability (intent to commit a crime or be very careless) & blameworthiness (someone did something wrong). Mens rea - Answer The intention or knowledge of wrongdoing that constitutes part of a crime, as opposed to the action or conduct of the accused. (the state of mind to commit a crime) Actus reus - Answer Refers to the act or omission that comprise the physic...

Theory - Answer some basic understanding of things that helps us simplify and explain complex relationships Operationalization - Answer how to turn abstract concepts into something tangible/ meaningful observation - Answer how to measure analysis - Answer how to demonstrate causality or pattern, ex. when trying to solve different policy problems dependent variable - Answer a factor, event, or outcome that we want to explain independent variable - Answ...

Define and identify the four major components of the scientific method. - Answer - Theory- Some basic understanding of things that help us simply and explain complex relationships - Operationalization- how to turn abstract concepts into something tangible/ meaningful? - Observation-How to measure? - Analysis- How to demonstrate a casualty or pattern. (look at the data and see if theory is correct or incorrect) What is public management? - Answer Public management refers t...

Rational Choice/Public Choice - Answer The application of economic assumptions about rationality and self-interest to the study of political behavior What does it mean to be a rational actor - Answer -based on the expected utility of each option. -These rank-ordered preferences are stable and transitive -You analyze all the possible alternatives and know which alternatives will work the best the rational comprehensive model - Answer -Requires them to have complete info...

Direct Tools of Government - Answer Government provides good and services, income support, interest on the national debt, direct loans (ex-police and fire protection) Indirect Tools of Government - Answer contracting out of government programs to nongovernmental partners and funding grant, voucher, and loan programs federal grants - Answer the federal government provides financial assistance to another level of government Contracts - Answer Government agrees to p...

what is a system of Unitary Government? - Answer central government gives power to subnational governments What is a confederation? - Answer when power/authority is retained by local or reginal governments how did the early experiences under the articles of confederation lead to the creation of a new constitution. - Answer people were convinced for a need for a stronger central government, shays rebellion, Massachusetts farmer wo revolted. What is federalism? - Answer ...

What is a monopoly? - Answer A single seller or producer assumes a dominant position in an industry or sector Why are monopolies problematic? - Answer Raises prices Lower quality Reduce wages/employee benefits Stifle innovation What is price discrimination? - Answer the action of selling the same product at different prices to different buyers, in order to maximize sales and profits What historical forces led to the creation of economic regulations? - Answer A...

Scientific Method for Social Science - Answer Usually has four basic components -Theory -Operationalization -Observation -Analysis Dependent Variable - Answer A factor/event/outcome that we want to explain Independent Variable - Answer Causes/explanations/factors that we think are important in driving the outcomes/dependent variables Normative Statement - Answer Describes the way the world should or is desired to be Empirical Statement - Answer Des...

How do you find Net Income? - Answer Net Income = Revenue - Expenses How do you find Ending Retained Earnings? - Answer Ending Retained Earnings = Beginning Retained Earnings + Net Income(Rev-Exp) - Dividends Perry's Puppies needed additional equipment, which was purchased on credit for $600. Which of the following is not true regarding the accounting for this transaction? - Answer Expenses Increased by $600 Which of the following adjustments is necessary if a compa...