University Of Florida

What are the differences between observational and experimental studies? Are there situations where one is more useful than the other? What kind of information can we get / conclusions can we draw from each? - Answer Observational studies (when, where, how many, how much) - shows patterns Experimental studies (changing variables in controlled environment) - demonstrates causation What is a natural experiment? How is it similar to / different from observational vs. experimental studies? ...

What does DNA stand for? How does this name correspond to its molecular structure (also review from Module 2)? - Answer Deoxyribonucleic Acid; the de- symbolizes the double helix structure What are chromosomes? What do they look like in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes? - Answer Chromosome - is a single, large DNA molecule wound around proteins. Prokaryotes: cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. Eukaryotes: nucleus How many types of chromosomes do humans have? How many total chromosom...

Robert Hooke - Answer Discovered and named cells Antony von Leeuwenhoek - Answer Observed living cells Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have - Answer cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material Prokaryotes - Answer DNA floating around No Membrane bound organelles circular chromosomes are simple and small Eukaryotes - Answer Have DNA in a nucleus Linear Chromosomes Some membrane bound organelles larger than prokaryotes Groups and types of cells -...

Elements of the Scientific Method - Answer o Observations o Questions o Hypothesis o Predictions o Testing (experiments) o Conclusions Why is falsifiability important to a scientific hypothesis? - Answer Falsifiability is the fundamental mechanism that gives a statement truth Null Hypothesis - Answer There is no statistical difference between the two variables Alternative Hypothesis - Answer The hypothesis accepted to be true if the null is rejected Independent Varia...

State and describe the 2 steps of gene expression - Answer Transcription - making an mRNA copy of a gene as encoded by DNA Translation - ribosomes made of rRNA reading mRNA and using tRNA to build a polypeptide chain What cellular organelles are involved in energy capture and production? - Answer Chloroplast - capture by photosynthesis Mitochondria - production by respiration What cellular characteristic is shared by all forms of life (plant, animal, bacteria, archaea, Protista, fu...

Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Cards-Order-Family-Genus-Species - Answer Dumb Kings Play Cards On French Girls' Stomachs Cells - Answer Smallest unit of life and basic living structure for living organisms Tissue - Answer A group of similar cells that perform a particular function Organ - Answer Several tissues joined together Organelles-Organ Systems-Organs-Tissues-Cells-Molecules-Atoms - Answer Organism Hierarchy Systematics - Answer The scientific discipline of iden...

Vertebrates - Answer animals with backbones What was life like 400 million years ago? - Answer Life was mostly aquatic Tiktaalik roseae - Answer -Discovered 2006 - Fish and tetrapod characteristics -True tetrapod forelimb with 5 digits wand wrist bone -Modified ear region Descent with modification - Answer Darwins term for evolution, combining the ideas that all living things are related and have changed overtime. One of the most compelling lines of evidence for evolut...

Why is evolution considered a scientific theory? - Answer Evolutionary theory is the framework that allows us to generate testable hypotheses about observed patterns in biological populations; Our understanding of the mechanisms that result in genetic changes in populations through generations. scientific theory characteristics - Answer » supported by multiple lines of evidence and explain a wide range of phenomena » compatible with other theories » parsimonious: the simplest exp...

what are the three types of viruses? - Answer Bacteriophages, animal, and plant viruses. what are prions? - Answer infectious misfolded proteins how does bacteria of a virus reproduce? - Answer with the lytic and lysogenic cycle how does eukaryotic viruses reproduce? - Answer with the lysogneic cycle, by budding, then allows the virus to lurk throughout the body what are the two domains that are prokaryotic? - Answer bacteria and archaea how do living viruses reprod...

Ecology - Answer The study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their physical environment Population - Answer All the members of the same species that live in a particular area Ecosystem - Answer A community encompasses a community population, as well as the nonliving environment Biosphere - Answer All the ecosystems (air, water, land) on Earth including there biotic communities Biotic Potential - Answer The highest possible per capita rare if inc...

Approximately how many species are there on Earth right now? Approximately what percent are animals vs. plants vs. fungi vs. unicellular organisms? How would that change if we looked at estimated species vs. described species? - Answer oThere are millions of species on Earth right now (exact ranges is estimated between 30 million to 2 billion). oAnimals: 63.5% oPlants: 14.4% oFungi: 2.9% oUnicellular: unknown on a grand scale oThese percentages would change drastically if we looked t ...

list the elements of the scientific method - Answer 1. observations 2. questions 3. hypotheses 4. predictions 5. testing (experiments) 6. conclusion explain how falsifiability is key to scientific hypotheses. - Answer -falsifiable: can be ruled out by data -a hypothesis is never proven -if false, it is rejected and no longer considered a possible answer to the original question. -if the data support the hypothesis, it will be accepted until further testing and data show other...

Theory - Answer A general set of of principles, supported by evidence, that explains some aspect of nature Facts - Answer What information is used to support a theory Morals - Answer Change with time; predominately related to religion Ethics - Answer Different matter to moral values; pertain more to scientific prudence People from all walks of life - Answer Which group should decide if technology should be implemented Protons - Answer positive charge, found in th...

Distinguish prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells based on their respective attributes - Answer - Both have cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA and nucleus - Prokaryotic- "Bacteria", usually smaller, DNA not inside a special structure, chromosomes are circular, no membrane-bound organelles (organized, specialized structures), typically simple - Eukaryotic- DNA inside membrane bound nucleus, linear chromosomes, other membrane bound organelles, usually larger Categorize major ...

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