University of New England (UNE )

A 77-year-old lifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the site of an old tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar tissue. What is this client's most likely diagnosis? A. Adenocarcinoma B. Squamos cell carcinoma C. Small cell lung cancer D. Large Cell Carcinoma - Answer Adenocarcinoma When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with tuberculosis, the college school nurse will emphasis, A. Once your...

An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a(n): A) metaphase spread. B) autosomal spread. C) karyotype. D) anaphase spread. - Answer c An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is termed: A) aneuploidy. B) nondisjunction. C) polyploidy. D) anaplasia. - Answer b A somatic cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called: A) an aneuploid cell. B) a euploid cell. C) a polyploidy cell. D...

Restoration of oxygen to oxygen-deprived tissues may result in: - Answer reperfusion injury While planning care for a patient with lysosomal rupture, the nurse recalls lysosomal rupture during hypoxic injury leads to: - Answer auto digestion of cells Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to: - Answer protect cells from injury Cellular atrophy involves: - Answer a decrease in cell size If a patient has hypoxic injury, which of the following would be suspected a...

List the five categories of organic nutrients. - Answer Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids Vitamins Carbohydrates - Answer Primary source of energy for cells. Proteins - Answer Build and repair tissues, enzymes, hormones, immune function. Lipids - Answer Long-term energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. Nucleic Acids - Answer Store and transmit genetic information. Vitamins - Answer Support metabolic processes, act ...

List and explain the general characteristics of the nervous system. - Answer Requires Information - From receptors and senses Integrates Information - Interpreting information from multiple sources Rapid Response - Motor output - Potential to receive, integrate, and respond within 1/10th of a second Compare the nervous system to the hormone system in terms of speed and length of action. - Answer Nervous System - Speed: Very fast (milliseconds to seconds) - Duration: Sh...

Mutualism - Answer (+/+) Both species benefit. Commensalism - Answer (+/0) One species benefits; the other is unaffected. Parasitism - Answer (+/-) One benefits (parasite); the other is harmed (host). Predation - Answer (+/-) Predator benefits; prey is harmed. Herbivory - Answer (+/-) Herbivore benefits; plant is harmed. Competition - Answer (-/-) Both species are harmed as they compete for limited resources Bottom Up Control - Answer ...

List the functions of the circulatory system - Answer Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells Take wastes away from cells Pulmonary Circuit - Answer Carries blood to and from the lungs Oxygen-poor blood is pumped out of the heart's right ventricle, through pulmonary arteries, to the lungs As blood flows through pulmonary capillaries, it picks up oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide Pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the heart's left atrium Systemic Circuit - ...

Microevolution - Answer Small-scale changes in allele frequencies within a population over a short time, such as changes in color or size. Any sort of change in the population's gene pool Measures shifts in allele frequencies Quantify the rate of natural selection (or genetic drift, migrations, etc.) on allele frequencies Speciation does not automatically result from allele shifts Macroevolution - Answer involves large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods...

Scientific Method - Answer A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. 1. Identify the problem - Answer An observation of the natural world 2. Building a hypothesis - Answer Pose a specific explanation for the observation (a question) 3. collecting data - Answer Evaluate the hypothesis, usually involves conducting an experiment 4. Analysis - Answer anal...

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as Select one: a. Phagocytic b. Non-specific defenses c. Antipathogenic mechanisms d. Lymphomas e. Specific mechanisms - Answer b When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT? Select one: a. Viruses are larger than bacteria b. Viruses and bacteria are both able to reproduce on their own. c. Viruses are pathogens; bacteria are decomposers ...

Ray - Answer no interbreeding linnaeus - Answer evolutionary change promotes the formation of new species buffon - Answer life forms are not fixed malthus - Answer only part of the pop survives/reproduces uniformitarianism - Answer changes in the earth are directly caused by recurring events Lamarck's theory - Answer individuals can acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them onto their offspring ex. giraffes cannot stretch their neck...

When was agriculture invented ? - Answer 10,000 years ago Drugs - Answer - plant secondary compounds - Used as predator defense Examples of Drugs from plants - Answer QUININE CAFFEINE ASPERIN TETRAHYDROCANNIBAL NICOTINE OPIUM, HEROIN, MORPHINE TAXOL Quinine - Answer - bark of a cinchona tree - treated malaria in 1650 - helps with anemia, muscle spasms, cancer - in tonic water Aspirin - Answer - willow species - treats pain, inflammation, f...

A deficiency in vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate) would negatively impact which of the following pathways: Metabolism of cysteine to homocysteine Metabolism of phenylalanine to tyrosine Conversion of methyl malonyl-Co A to succinyl-CoA 1 only 2 only 2 and 3 1 and 2 - Answer 1 only In an individual with a deficiency in the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, metabolism of which of the following amino acids would not likely be impaired? Leucine Tyrosine Valine I...

An 11-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by her parent. They report she has recently been very thirsty and needs to make frequent trips to the bathroom. Physical examination revealed a thin girl in the 30th percentile for height and weight. A rapid dipstick test revealed glucose in her urine. Evaluation of this girl's blood would reveal decreased levels of which of the following compounds or hormones? Fatty acids Glutamine Glucose Ketones Insulin - Answer Insu...

Glucose is converted into Glucose-6-Phosphate by what enzyme? - Answer Glucokinase (in the liver) or Hexokinase in other tissues Between glucokinase and hexokinase, which has the lower Km? - Answer Hexokinase Fructose-6-Phosphate is converted into Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by what enzyme? - Answer Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) Fructose-6-Phosphate can be converted into Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate by what enzyme? - Answer Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) Phosphofruc...

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of a system is __________. Always increasing Constant Lost as heat Always decreasing - Answer Constant Oxidation of the major foodstuffs leads to the generation of reducing equivalents. Which of the following is a reducing equivalent? ADP H Acetyl-CoA O2 - Answer H A series of reactions have the following ΔG. A + B --> C ΔG = -1 C + D --> E ΔG = +3 E + F --> G ΔG = -5 The overall ΔG for thi...

Hemoglobin binds oxygen with a greater affinity in the: - Answer R state Hemoglobin bound to heme is termed a holoprotein. The heme or porphoryin ring is required for oxygen binding and it is termed a: - Answer prosthetic group Alpha helices and beta sheets are primarily stabilized by: - Answer H bonding Ligases are a class of enzymes characterized by their ability to: - Answer synthesize bonds between carbon atoms and an additional atom that is involved in the c...

Somatostatin reduces the secretion of both glucagon and insulin through which of the following mechanisms? a. Somatostatin activates an activator G-protein b. Somatostatin activates MAPK cascade c. Somatostatin activates an inhibitory G-protein d. Somatostatin uses Ca+2 as a downstream signal - Answer c. Somatostatin activates an inhibitory G-protein Insulin mediated glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissue is a result of which of the following mechanisms? a. Translocation ...

Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis vs. Oxidation - Answer When Insulin is HIGH --> fatty acid synthesis occurs When Glucagon is HIGH --> lipolysis, fatty acid B-oxidation, ketogenesis occur **These never happen at the same time! Lipolysis - Answer Process of releasing free fatty acids from triacylglycerols stored in the adipose IN THE FASTED STATE Steps of lipolysis - Answer 1) Hormone Sensitive Lipase: activated by glucagon and epinephrine TAGs are hydrolyzed in...

Ubiquitination is a means of targeting a protein for which of the following cellular processes? - Answer Proteasomal degradation The reaction of ammonia with a-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by_______ and requires ________ as a reactant? - Answer Glutamate dehydrogenase; NADH or NADPH Most enzymes involved in a protein digestion require cleavage for activation. These proteins are secreted as inactive protein forms called: - Answer Zymogens The urea cycle takes place in whi...