Dalhousie University (DAL ) • chemistry

DESCRIPTION These notes provide a clear and concise explanation of orbital hybridization, a fundamental topic in 1st-year General Chemistry. The document explains sp³, sp² and sp hybridization step by step, helping students understand how hybridization relates to steric number, molecular geometry and bond angles. A few practice exercises are included to reinforce understanding. Topics covered Orbital hybridization overview sp³ hybridization sp² hybridization sp hybridization ...

Topics covered Electronegativity and bond polarity Polar vs nonpolar bonds Dipole moments Molecular polarity Intermolecular forces: Hydrogen bonding Dipole–dipole interactions London dispersion forces Comparison between intermolecular forces Effects of intermolecular forces on physical properties Features Clear explanations in simple language Logical organization and clean layout Visual aids and examples to support understanding Focus on key concepts commonly tested in exams...

Topics covered Step-by-step method for drawing Lewis structures, Expanded valence shells, Incomplete octet structures, Formal charge calculation and interpretation, Lewis structures of acids with polyatomic anions, Resonance: Resonance contributors, Resonance hybrid molecules, Polyatomic resonance acids; Radicals, Molecules with several central atoms, Features Clear, logical explanations Worked examples Visual structure drawings Focus on common exam questions and tri...

DESCRIPTION These notes provide a clear and well-structured explanation of bond polarity and intermolecular forces, core topics from a 1st-year General Chemistry course. The document is designed to help students understand the underlying concepts step by step, making it ideal both for learning the material and for exam revision before midterms or finals. Topics covered Electronegativity and bond polarity Polar vs nonpolar bonds Dipole moments Molecular polarity Intermolecular force...