PSYCH-1003
Introductory Psychology 1
Chapters One and Two Review
September 22, 2025
Important notes for test:
Responsible for all information in both chapters one and two — concentrate on notes
and corresponding pages in textbook.
50 multiple choice questions — 25 questions per chapter.
50 minutes — approximately one minute per question. Do not spend five minutes on
a question.
STUDY TO UNDERSTAND – don’t just memorize things, you will have to apply
your knowledge to questions – very conceptual.
If you are unsure about the answer to question—make an educated guess—do not
leave it blank. Mark a star next to it so you know to return to it at the end (if you have
time)
Chapter one:
know important figures and what century they came from ex. Freud —> early
1900s. Basic evolution of psychology. Know important years for the first labs,
journals, PhDs, etc.
Chapter two:
experimental research (independent/dependent variables, hypothesis, etc.)
correlational research (if you cannot manipulate a variable [cigarette smoking
– unethical] use correlation. Focus on correlational coefficient – between 0
and 1 – closer to 1, the stronger the relationship. [+] = the same, [-] = inverse).
Statistics — don’t have to calculate anything, just know the symbols (also
know standard deviation and bell curve).
THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY
i. Where did it come from?
Originates from Greek words psyche (soul) and logos (study of)
By the 18th century — known as the study of the mind
First put together in the 16th century, did not gain traction until the early 18th
century during the Enlightenment area
Ideas about the mind started with ancient Greek philosophers: Socrates and
Aristotle
During the renaissance era Descartes (now regarded as the founder of modern
philosophy) believed in dualism—the idea that the mind and body are separate.
With the enlightenment area came researching the mind in a physiological
sense using systematic and empirical methods—cause and effect from
, physiologists/physicians Robert Whyte, Franz Gall, Paul Broca, and Johannes
Muller
ii. The Birth of Psychology
Started looking at the mind and body as one
Physiology + Philosophy = intellectual parents of Psychology
iii. Important Figures in Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
o Key contributions to Psychology:
Founder of psychology
Taught at University of Leipzig, Germany
Campaigned to make psychology its own independent discipline
Established first ever psychology laboratory in 1879 at the
University of Leipzig
Published the first ever journal devoted to researching
Psychology
o International Influence:
His students migrated to the U.S.
Students of his studied and conducted research in his lab
Graduates of his opened the first labs across North America
G. Stanley Hall
Opened first lab in the U.S. at John Hopkins University
Published first scientific journal in American Psychology in 1887
Founder and President of the APA (1892)
B.F. Skinner
Believed that environmental factors determine behaviour
Responses that lead to positive outcomes are repeated, negative ones are
not
Known for his controversial saying – “Free will is an illusion”
“Beyond Freedom and Dignity” – his book (1971)
Sigmund Freud
Established psychoanalytic theory + founder of the psychoanalytic
school of thought
Introductory Psychology 1
Chapters One and Two Review
September 22, 2025
Important notes for test:
Responsible for all information in both chapters one and two — concentrate on notes
and corresponding pages in textbook.
50 multiple choice questions — 25 questions per chapter.
50 minutes — approximately one minute per question. Do not spend five minutes on
a question.
STUDY TO UNDERSTAND – don’t just memorize things, you will have to apply
your knowledge to questions – very conceptual.
If you are unsure about the answer to question—make an educated guess—do not
leave it blank. Mark a star next to it so you know to return to it at the end (if you have
time)
Chapter one:
know important figures and what century they came from ex. Freud —> early
1900s. Basic evolution of psychology. Know important years for the first labs,
journals, PhDs, etc.
Chapter two:
experimental research (independent/dependent variables, hypothesis, etc.)
correlational research (if you cannot manipulate a variable [cigarette smoking
– unethical] use correlation. Focus on correlational coefficient – between 0
and 1 – closer to 1, the stronger the relationship. [+] = the same, [-] = inverse).
Statistics — don’t have to calculate anything, just know the symbols (also
know standard deviation and bell curve).
THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY
i. Where did it come from?
Originates from Greek words psyche (soul) and logos (study of)
By the 18th century — known as the study of the mind
First put together in the 16th century, did not gain traction until the early 18th
century during the Enlightenment area
Ideas about the mind started with ancient Greek philosophers: Socrates and
Aristotle
During the renaissance era Descartes (now regarded as the founder of modern
philosophy) believed in dualism—the idea that the mind and body are separate.
With the enlightenment area came researching the mind in a physiological
sense using systematic and empirical methods—cause and effect from
, physiologists/physicians Robert Whyte, Franz Gall, Paul Broca, and Johannes
Muller
ii. The Birth of Psychology
Started looking at the mind and body as one
Physiology + Philosophy = intellectual parents of Psychology
iii. Important Figures in Psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
o Key contributions to Psychology:
Founder of psychology
Taught at University of Leipzig, Germany
Campaigned to make psychology its own independent discipline
Established first ever psychology laboratory in 1879 at the
University of Leipzig
Published the first ever journal devoted to researching
Psychology
o International Influence:
His students migrated to the U.S.
Students of his studied and conducted research in his lab
Graduates of his opened the first labs across North America
G. Stanley Hall
Opened first lab in the U.S. at John Hopkins University
Published first scientific journal in American Psychology in 1887
Founder and President of the APA (1892)
B.F. Skinner
Believed that environmental factors determine behaviour
Responses that lead to positive outcomes are repeated, negative ones are
not
Known for his controversial saying – “Free will is an illusion”
“Beyond Freedom and Dignity” – his book (1971)
Sigmund Freud
Established psychoanalytic theory + founder of the psychoanalytic
school of thought
