Decrease in pulmonary pressure as a result of the relaxation and expansion of the
pulmonary arteries at birth causes:
A. closure of the foramen ovale.
B. hyperinflation of the lungs.
C. passive respiratory movements.
D. reopening of the ductus arteriosus.
Give this one a try later!
A: CorrectThis relative decrease in pulmonary pressure most often leads to
closure of the foramen ovale within minutes after birth, and the increased
oxygen tension in the arterial blood usually stimulates contraction and
closure of the ductus arteriosus (see Clinical Pearl, "Patent Ductus
Arteriosus [PDA]").
How should the supraclavicular lymph nodes be assessed?
,A. Place the patient in a supine position, and ask the patient to hold his or her breath.
B. Place the patient in the Trendelenburg position and illuminate the lymph nodes with
a bright light.
C. Palpate deeply behind the clavicles as the patient flexes his head forward.
D. Palpate lightly below the clavicles with the patient in a sitting position.
Give this one a try later!
C; CorrectTo palpate for supraclavicular lymph nodes, the examiner
encourages the patient to relax the musculature of the upper extremities so
that the clavicles drop. The examiner's free hand is used to flex the patient's
head forward to relax the soft tissues of the anterior neck. The fingers are
hooked over the clavicle lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Mrs. Jones is a 55-year-old patient who returns to your office today for a follow-up
examination. You suspect that she has an arterial aneurysm. Which examination
technique would you use to best detect an arterial aneurysm?
A. Palpating for dilation of an artery
B. Auscultating for a bruit over an artery
C. Percussing for a thrill over an artery
D. Observing for redness and swelling over an artery
Give this one a try later!
B: CorrectArterial anerysm is a localized dilation, generally defined as 1.5
times the diameter of the normal artery, caused by a weakness in the
arterial wall. To best detect this anomaly, the examiner auscultates over an
artery for a bruit.
,Mrs. Tucker is a 34-year-old patient who presents to your office with a complaint of a
sore throat. On examination, you find an enlarged thyrolinguofacial lymph node.
Which of the following would you assess?
A. Area proximal to the enlarged node
B. Posterior superficial cervical chain
C. Occipital nodes
D. Preauricular nodes
Give this one a try later!
A: CorrectIf you discover an enlarged node, consider the associated
region drained by the node to suggest possible sources for a presenting
problem, as well as explore the accessible adjacent areas and regions
drained by those nodes for signs of possible infection or malignancy.
Mr. Lynch has cyanotic lips and nailbeds. His lips are pursed, and he has nasal flaring.
You suspect that he is suffering from cardiac or pulmonary difficulty. What other
peripheral sign would support your impression?
A. Callus formation on the heels
B. Clubbing of the fingers
C. Graying of the hair
D. Swollen toes and ankles
Give this one a try later!
, B; CorrectObserve the lips and nails for cyanosis, the lips for pursing, the
fingers for clubbing, and the alae nasi for flaring. Any of these peripheral
clues suggests pulmonary or cardiac difficulty. Clubbing, enlargement of
the terminal phalanges of the fingers and/or toes, is associated with
emphysema, lung cancer, the cyanosis of congenital heart disease, or
cystic fibrosis.
Which of the following best describes the beginning of ventricular contraction?
A. Pressure in the ventricle forces atrioventricular valves to close.
B. Ventricular contraction is initiated at the Purkinje point and proceeds in concentric
circles around the ventricles.
C. Pressure in the ventricles forces semilunar valves to close.
D. Ventricular contraction is initiated within the myocardial septum and is transmitted
vertically from the endocardium to the epicardium.
Give this one a try later!
A; CorrectAs systole begins, ventricular contraction raises the pressure in
the ventricles and forces the mitral and tricuspid valves closed, preventing
backflow. This valve closure produces the first heart sound (S1), the
characteristic "lubb." The intraventricular pressure rises until it exceeds that
in the aorta and pulmonary artery. Then the aortic and pulmonic valves are
forced open, and ejection of blood into the arteries begins. Valve opening
is usually a silent event
Which statement best describes the chest of a newborn?
A. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter is about equal to the lateral diameter.
pulmonary arteries at birth causes:
A. closure of the foramen ovale.
B. hyperinflation of the lungs.
C. passive respiratory movements.
D. reopening of the ductus arteriosus.
Give this one a try later!
A: CorrectThis relative decrease in pulmonary pressure most often leads to
closure of the foramen ovale within minutes after birth, and the increased
oxygen tension in the arterial blood usually stimulates contraction and
closure of the ductus arteriosus (see Clinical Pearl, "Patent Ductus
Arteriosus [PDA]").
How should the supraclavicular lymph nodes be assessed?
,A. Place the patient in a supine position, and ask the patient to hold his or her breath.
B. Place the patient in the Trendelenburg position and illuminate the lymph nodes with
a bright light.
C. Palpate deeply behind the clavicles as the patient flexes his head forward.
D. Palpate lightly below the clavicles with the patient in a sitting position.
Give this one a try later!
C; CorrectTo palpate for supraclavicular lymph nodes, the examiner
encourages the patient to relax the musculature of the upper extremities so
that the clavicles drop. The examiner's free hand is used to flex the patient's
head forward to relax the soft tissues of the anterior neck. The fingers are
hooked over the clavicle lateral to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Mrs. Jones is a 55-year-old patient who returns to your office today for a follow-up
examination. You suspect that she has an arterial aneurysm. Which examination
technique would you use to best detect an arterial aneurysm?
A. Palpating for dilation of an artery
B. Auscultating for a bruit over an artery
C. Percussing for a thrill over an artery
D. Observing for redness and swelling over an artery
Give this one a try later!
B: CorrectArterial anerysm is a localized dilation, generally defined as 1.5
times the diameter of the normal artery, caused by a weakness in the
arterial wall. To best detect this anomaly, the examiner auscultates over an
artery for a bruit.
,Mrs. Tucker is a 34-year-old patient who presents to your office with a complaint of a
sore throat. On examination, you find an enlarged thyrolinguofacial lymph node.
Which of the following would you assess?
A. Area proximal to the enlarged node
B. Posterior superficial cervical chain
C. Occipital nodes
D. Preauricular nodes
Give this one a try later!
A: CorrectIf you discover an enlarged node, consider the associated
region drained by the node to suggest possible sources for a presenting
problem, as well as explore the accessible adjacent areas and regions
drained by those nodes for signs of possible infection or malignancy.
Mr. Lynch has cyanotic lips and nailbeds. His lips are pursed, and he has nasal flaring.
You suspect that he is suffering from cardiac or pulmonary difficulty. What other
peripheral sign would support your impression?
A. Callus formation on the heels
B. Clubbing of the fingers
C. Graying of the hair
D. Swollen toes and ankles
Give this one a try later!
, B; CorrectObserve the lips and nails for cyanosis, the lips for pursing, the
fingers for clubbing, and the alae nasi for flaring. Any of these peripheral
clues suggests pulmonary or cardiac difficulty. Clubbing, enlargement of
the terminal phalanges of the fingers and/or toes, is associated with
emphysema, lung cancer, the cyanosis of congenital heart disease, or
cystic fibrosis.
Which of the following best describes the beginning of ventricular contraction?
A. Pressure in the ventricle forces atrioventricular valves to close.
B. Ventricular contraction is initiated at the Purkinje point and proceeds in concentric
circles around the ventricles.
C. Pressure in the ventricles forces semilunar valves to close.
D. Ventricular contraction is initiated within the myocardial septum and is transmitted
vertically from the endocardium to the epicardium.
Give this one a try later!
A; CorrectAs systole begins, ventricular contraction raises the pressure in
the ventricles and forces the mitral and tricuspid valves closed, preventing
backflow. This valve closure produces the first heart sound (S1), the
characteristic "lubb." The intraventricular pressure rises until it exceeds that
in the aorta and pulmonary artery. Then the aortic and pulmonic valves are
forced open, and ejection of blood into the arteries begins. Valve opening
is usually a silent event
Which statement best describes the chest of a newborn?
A. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter is about equal to the lateral diameter.
