PSL300 Midterm 1 Content Questions With Complete
Solutions
2 enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis Correct Answers
Dopamine beta: dopamine -> epinephrine
PNMP: norepinephrine -> epinephrine
2 methods of transportation of dissolved bone Correct Answers
1. Through tight junction to ECF via paracellular transport
2. Transcytosis path way (proteins take up Ca, export via
vesicles)
2 Methods to control steroid hormones Correct Answers 1.
amount of cholesterol available
2. Amount of enzymes in smooth ER
2 Type of receptors Correct Answers 1. Intracellular (for steroid
hormones), slow
2. Membrane (peptide hormones), fast
2 types of cells the epithelial cell differentiates into? Correct
Answers Exocrine - around ducts + secretes out of cell
Endocrine - secretes into duct, polarized.
2 Types of membrane receptors Correct Answers 1. GPCR
2. Receptor-enzymes receptors (enzyme w/in itself)
2 types of somatostatin. What preprohormone are the found in.
Correct Answers Both found in prosomatostatin:
Somatostatin-14, Somatostatin-28
,2 types of Tyrosine Amine hormones Correct Answers
Catecholamines (peptide like)
Thyroid hormone (steroid like)
3 characteristics of a Catecholamine hormone Correct Answers
- Synthesized n adrenal medulla
- Stored in vesicles
- Water soluble
- Short 1/2 life
- Major product is epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Binds membrane receptors
- Modification of tyrosine side group
- Only uses a single Tyrosine molecule
3 Intracellular factors that are involved with stimulating
hormone release Correct Answers 1. increase transcription of
the hormone
2. Increase free cytosolic Ca (from entry of Ca as a signal
molecule)
3. Increase Ca = increase of exocytosis of hormone
3 Natriuretic Peptides Correct Answers ANP:
- atria, myocardial cells
- short 1/2 life, peptide. Effects are faster than for BNP
BNP:
- ventricle + myocardial cells
CNP:
- brain, pituitary, kidneys
3 phases of Uterine cycle Correct Answers Menses and
proliferative, secretory
, 3 properties of glucagon Correct Answers - secreted in response
to low blood glucose
- peptide
- triggers adenyly cyclase signal cascade (Gs)
- stimulated by: plasma Amino Acids, low glucose, sympathetic
nervous system
- inhibited by: high glucose, GLP-1, somatostatin
3 properties of insulin Correct Answers - Binds a tyrosine
kinase receptor
- decreases blood glucose
- increase glucose oxidation
- Brings GLUT4 receptors to membrane in muscle cells via
exocytosis
- Activates a secondary messenger pathway via phosphorylation
of IRS
- Activates hexokinase to phosphorylate glucose in the liver to
maintain glucose gradient
3 Situations of bone remodelling Correct Answers 1. Arthritis -
inflammatory action of bones at joints
2. Bone spur from exercise
3. Pregnancy -> reabsorb Ca for fetus development
3 types of GPCRs and their effector enzyme. Which ones
stimulates, which ones inhibit? Correct Answers 1. Gs -
Adenylate Cyclase - Stimulates
2. Gq - Phospholipase C - Stimulates
3. Gi - Adenylate Cyclase - Inhibits
Solutions
2 enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis Correct Answers
Dopamine beta: dopamine -> epinephrine
PNMP: norepinephrine -> epinephrine
2 methods of transportation of dissolved bone Correct Answers
1. Through tight junction to ECF via paracellular transport
2. Transcytosis path way (proteins take up Ca, export via
vesicles)
2 Methods to control steroid hormones Correct Answers 1.
amount of cholesterol available
2. Amount of enzymes in smooth ER
2 Type of receptors Correct Answers 1. Intracellular (for steroid
hormones), slow
2. Membrane (peptide hormones), fast
2 types of cells the epithelial cell differentiates into? Correct
Answers Exocrine - around ducts + secretes out of cell
Endocrine - secretes into duct, polarized.
2 Types of membrane receptors Correct Answers 1. GPCR
2. Receptor-enzymes receptors (enzyme w/in itself)
2 types of somatostatin. What preprohormone are the found in.
Correct Answers Both found in prosomatostatin:
Somatostatin-14, Somatostatin-28
,2 types of Tyrosine Amine hormones Correct Answers
Catecholamines (peptide like)
Thyroid hormone (steroid like)
3 characteristics of a Catecholamine hormone Correct Answers
- Synthesized n adrenal medulla
- Stored in vesicles
- Water soluble
- Short 1/2 life
- Major product is epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Binds membrane receptors
- Modification of tyrosine side group
- Only uses a single Tyrosine molecule
3 Intracellular factors that are involved with stimulating
hormone release Correct Answers 1. increase transcription of
the hormone
2. Increase free cytosolic Ca (from entry of Ca as a signal
molecule)
3. Increase Ca = increase of exocytosis of hormone
3 Natriuretic Peptides Correct Answers ANP:
- atria, myocardial cells
- short 1/2 life, peptide. Effects are faster than for BNP
BNP:
- ventricle + myocardial cells
CNP:
- brain, pituitary, kidneys
3 phases of Uterine cycle Correct Answers Menses and
proliferative, secretory
, 3 properties of glucagon Correct Answers - secreted in response
to low blood glucose
- peptide
- triggers adenyly cyclase signal cascade (Gs)
- stimulated by: plasma Amino Acids, low glucose, sympathetic
nervous system
- inhibited by: high glucose, GLP-1, somatostatin
3 properties of insulin Correct Answers - Binds a tyrosine
kinase receptor
- decreases blood glucose
- increase glucose oxidation
- Brings GLUT4 receptors to membrane in muscle cells via
exocytosis
- Activates a secondary messenger pathway via phosphorylation
of IRS
- Activates hexokinase to phosphorylate glucose in the liver to
maintain glucose gradient
3 Situations of bone remodelling Correct Answers 1. Arthritis -
inflammatory action of bones at joints
2. Bone spur from exercise
3. Pregnancy -> reabsorb Ca for fetus development
3 types of GPCRs and their effector enzyme. Which ones
stimulates, which ones inhibit? Correct Answers 1. Gs -
Adenylate Cyclase - Stimulates
2. Gq - Phospholipase C - Stimulates
3. Gi - Adenylate Cyclase - Inhibits
