ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Irreversible cellular injury causes - ANSWERScell death
Individuals with autoimmune disorders are likely to exhibit - ANSWERSmultiple
disorders versus isolated issues.
4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWERSheat, swelling, pain, redness
The Compliment System activates - ANSWERSall other immune components/cascades
The Clotting System's final step - ANSWERSdevelopment of a fibronous mesh
Type of cells released in relation to asthma or allergies - ANSWERSbasophils
Cell type that recognizes and eliminates viral-infected cells - ANSWERSNatural Killer
Cells
Monocytes evolve into - ANSWERSmacrophages
Autodigestion of lipids, carbs and protein - ANSWERSlysosome
Complex cellular organization & well-defined nucleus - ANSWERSEukaryote
the plasma membrane engulfs substances from the outside cell -
ANSWERSEndocytosis
cell drinks fluids and solutes. - ANSWERSPinocytosis
cell eats substances such as bacteria - ANSWERSPhagocytosis
discharge or secretion of materials through intracellular vesicles - ANSWERSExocytosis
Abnormal __ are found in tumor cells - ANSWERSglycoproteins (carbs)
- exposure to prolonged irritants such as cigarette smoke, normal epithelial columnar
ciliated cells are replaced with stratified squamous cells. - ANSWERSMetaplasia
deranged cellular growth - ANSWERSDysplasia
, Inflammatory response initiated with cellular injury. Cells release -
ANSWERShistamines
HIV causes what cell destruction? - ANSWERSCD4 Cell and T Cell destruction
What type of infection bacterial, fungal, viral remains localized in healthy individuals? -
ANSWERSFungal
Type of bacteria that lack a rigid cell wall and are small and pleomorphic. -
ANSWERSMicoplasma
Polyuria that occurs with diabetes mellitus is the result of: - ANSWERSElevated Serum
Glucose
Excessive aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex results in increased -
ANSWERSIncreased Na+ and Ca- reabsorption
A patient with scrotal inflammation, fever, and severe pain but no UTI symptoms has -
ANSWERSacute orchitis
Pituitary gland overactivity and excessive secretion of hormones is most often caused
by - ANSWERSa pituitary adenoma
Patients with hyperparathyroidism should be monitored for which of the following serum
abnormalities? - ANSWERShypercalcemia
In Type 1 prostatitis, the patient has a very large inflamed prostate gland that can either
be firm or boggy, This type of prostatitis is - ANSWERSAcute Bacterial
In Graves' disease, serum TSH is usually - ANSWERSlow
All of the following can contribute to a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
except - ANSWERShypoglycemia and anorexia
When a female is positive for this parasite, her male partner could also be infected -
ANSWERStrichinosis
Although patients can experience singular or clustered genital warts, the greater risk of
the development of cervical or other genital cancers - ANSWERSHPV
This is the second most common STI and can produce mucopurulent conjunctivitis: -
ANSWERSChlamydia
The epididymis becomes infected when pathogenic microorganisms -
ANSWERSepididmysis
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Irreversible cellular injury causes - ANSWERScell death
Individuals with autoimmune disorders are likely to exhibit - ANSWERSmultiple
disorders versus isolated issues.
4 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWERSheat, swelling, pain, redness
The Compliment System activates - ANSWERSall other immune components/cascades
The Clotting System's final step - ANSWERSdevelopment of a fibronous mesh
Type of cells released in relation to asthma or allergies - ANSWERSbasophils
Cell type that recognizes and eliminates viral-infected cells - ANSWERSNatural Killer
Cells
Monocytes evolve into - ANSWERSmacrophages
Autodigestion of lipids, carbs and protein - ANSWERSlysosome
Complex cellular organization & well-defined nucleus - ANSWERSEukaryote
the plasma membrane engulfs substances from the outside cell -
ANSWERSEndocytosis
cell drinks fluids and solutes. - ANSWERSPinocytosis
cell eats substances such as bacteria - ANSWERSPhagocytosis
discharge or secretion of materials through intracellular vesicles - ANSWERSExocytosis
Abnormal __ are found in tumor cells - ANSWERSglycoproteins (carbs)
- exposure to prolonged irritants such as cigarette smoke, normal epithelial columnar
ciliated cells are replaced with stratified squamous cells. - ANSWERSMetaplasia
deranged cellular growth - ANSWERSDysplasia
, Inflammatory response initiated with cellular injury. Cells release -
ANSWERShistamines
HIV causes what cell destruction? - ANSWERSCD4 Cell and T Cell destruction
What type of infection bacterial, fungal, viral remains localized in healthy individuals? -
ANSWERSFungal
Type of bacteria that lack a rigid cell wall and are small and pleomorphic. -
ANSWERSMicoplasma
Polyuria that occurs with diabetes mellitus is the result of: - ANSWERSElevated Serum
Glucose
Excessive aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex results in increased -
ANSWERSIncreased Na+ and Ca- reabsorption
A patient with scrotal inflammation, fever, and severe pain but no UTI symptoms has -
ANSWERSacute orchitis
Pituitary gland overactivity and excessive secretion of hormones is most often caused
by - ANSWERSa pituitary adenoma
Patients with hyperparathyroidism should be monitored for which of the following serum
abnormalities? - ANSWERShypercalcemia
In Type 1 prostatitis, the patient has a very large inflamed prostate gland that can either
be firm or boggy, This type of prostatitis is - ANSWERSAcute Bacterial
In Graves' disease, serum TSH is usually - ANSWERSlow
All of the following can contribute to a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
except - ANSWERShypoglycemia and anorexia
When a female is positive for this parasite, her male partner could also be infected -
ANSWERStrichinosis
Although patients can experience singular or clustered genital warts, the greater risk of
the development of cervical or other genital cancers - ANSWERSHPV
This is the second most common STI and can produce mucopurulent conjunctivitis: -
ANSWERSChlamydia
The epididymis becomes infected when pathogenic microorganisms -
ANSWERSepididmysis
