HESI/SAUNDERS MODULE 7 EXAM SCRIPT
EXAMS SET VIEW AHEAD EXAM 2026 100%
CORRECT.
◉ A client with a genitourinary tract infection has been prescribed
metronidazole and fluid therapy. The nurse concludes that the client
understands the dietary regimen to be followed while taking the
medication when the client states to eliminate which from the diet?
a. Alcohol
b. Diet cola
c. Bran flakes
d. Chicken livers Answer: a. Alcohol
Rationale: A disulfiram-type reaction may result when someone
taking metronidazole ingests alcohol. This syndrome includes
flushing, palpitations, shortness of breath, severe headache, and
nausea. To help prevent this reaction, the nurse must warn the client
not to drink alcohol while taking this medication. The items presented
in the remaining options are acceptable for consumption by the client
while taking this medication.
◉ Calcitriol is prescribed for a client with hypocalcemia. Which
foods does the nurse, knowing that they may interfere with calcium
absorption, instruct the client to limit in the diet? Select all that apply.
a. Bran
b. Milk
c. Clams
,d. Spinach
e. Orange juice Answer: a. Bran
d. Spinach
Rationale: The client taking a medication to treat hypocalcemia
should be instructed to avoid excessive consumption of spinach,
rhubarb, bran, and whole-grain cereals, all of which may limit
calcium absorption. Good dietary sources of calcium include milk
products, dark-green leafy vegetables, clams, oysters, sardines, and
orange juice fortified with calcium.
◉ The nurse provides instructions to a client who is beginning
therapy with oral theophylline. The nurse recognizes that the client
understands the instructions when the client states to limit
consumption of which items?
a. Coffee, cola, and chocolate
b. Oysters, lobster, and shrimp
c. Apples, oranges, and pineapple
d. Cottage cheese, cream cheese, and dairy creamers Answer: a.
Coffee, cola, and chocolate
Rationale: Theophylline is a methylxanthine bronchodilator, and the
nurse teaches the client to limit the intake of xanthine-containing
foods while taking this medication. These foods include coffee, tea,
cola, and chocolate. The items in the remaining options are acceptable
to consume.
◉ A client with a urinary tract infection has been started on
nitrofurantoin, a urinary antiseptic medication, and is taught about the
foods that will maintain the urinary pH in the acid range. Which food
,does the nurse tell the client to eliminate from the diet while taking
this medication?
a. Prunes
b. Oranges
c. Rhubarb
d. Cranberries Answer: c. Rhubarb
Rationale: When a client is taking nitrofurantoin, the urinary pH must
be maintained in the acid range, and so the client needs to be
instructed to consume an acid ash diet. Rhubarb reduces the acidity of
the urine and should be avoided when acidic urine is required. Prunes,
oranges, and cranberries are acceptable foods.
◉ For which vitamin deficiency should the nurse monitor the client
who is on a vegan diet?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin E Answer: b. Vitamin B12
Rationale: The client on a vegan diet does not consume animal
products and is therefore at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. Fruits and
vegetables, which are acceptable to the client on a vegan diet, contain
vitamins A, C, and E.
◉ A client with cirrhosis has an increased ammonia level. Which diet
does the nurse anticipate will be of benefit to the client?
a. One low in protein
, b. One high in fluids
c. One high in carbohydrates
d. One with a moderate amount of fat Answer: a. One low in protein
Rationale: A low-protein diet would be prescribed for the client with
cirrhosis who has an increased ammonia level. Protein in the diet is
transported to the liver by the portal vein after digestion and
absorption. The liver breaks down protein, resulting in the formation
of ammonia. Therefore the client would benefit from a low-protein
diet.
◉ A nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with cholecystitis.
Which menu selection by the client indicates to the nurse that the
client understands the instructions?
a. Roast turkey with a baked potato
b. Fruit plate with fresh whipped cream
c. Fried chicken with macaroni and cheese
d. Barbecued spare ribs with buttered noodles Answer: a. Roast
turkey with a baked potato
Rationale: The client with cholecystitis should reduce intake of fat.
Foods that should generally be avoided to achieve this end include
sauces and gravies, fatty meats, fried foods, products made with
cream, and heavy desserts. Therefore the correct answer is roast
turkey with a baked potato, which is a meal low in fat.
◉ A client is found to have ulcerative colitis, and the nurse provides
instructions to the client about the diet that should be followed while
the disease is in remission. Which menu selection by the client
indicates to the nurse that the client best understands the instructions?
EXAMS SET VIEW AHEAD EXAM 2026 100%
CORRECT.
◉ A client with a genitourinary tract infection has been prescribed
metronidazole and fluid therapy. The nurse concludes that the client
understands the dietary regimen to be followed while taking the
medication when the client states to eliminate which from the diet?
a. Alcohol
b. Diet cola
c. Bran flakes
d. Chicken livers Answer: a. Alcohol
Rationale: A disulfiram-type reaction may result when someone
taking metronidazole ingests alcohol. This syndrome includes
flushing, palpitations, shortness of breath, severe headache, and
nausea. To help prevent this reaction, the nurse must warn the client
not to drink alcohol while taking this medication. The items presented
in the remaining options are acceptable for consumption by the client
while taking this medication.
◉ Calcitriol is prescribed for a client with hypocalcemia. Which
foods does the nurse, knowing that they may interfere with calcium
absorption, instruct the client to limit in the diet? Select all that apply.
a. Bran
b. Milk
c. Clams
,d. Spinach
e. Orange juice Answer: a. Bran
d. Spinach
Rationale: The client taking a medication to treat hypocalcemia
should be instructed to avoid excessive consumption of spinach,
rhubarb, bran, and whole-grain cereals, all of which may limit
calcium absorption. Good dietary sources of calcium include milk
products, dark-green leafy vegetables, clams, oysters, sardines, and
orange juice fortified with calcium.
◉ The nurse provides instructions to a client who is beginning
therapy with oral theophylline. The nurse recognizes that the client
understands the instructions when the client states to limit
consumption of which items?
a. Coffee, cola, and chocolate
b. Oysters, lobster, and shrimp
c. Apples, oranges, and pineapple
d. Cottage cheese, cream cheese, and dairy creamers Answer: a.
Coffee, cola, and chocolate
Rationale: Theophylline is a methylxanthine bronchodilator, and the
nurse teaches the client to limit the intake of xanthine-containing
foods while taking this medication. These foods include coffee, tea,
cola, and chocolate. The items in the remaining options are acceptable
to consume.
◉ A client with a urinary tract infection has been started on
nitrofurantoin, a urinary antiseptic medication, and is taught about the
foods that will maintain the urinary pH in the acid range. Which food
,does the nurse tell the client to eliminate from the diet while taking
this medication?
a. Prunes
b. Oranges
c. Rhubarb
d. Cranberries Answer: c. Rhubarb
Rationale: When a client is taking nitrofurantoin, the urinary pH must
be maintained in the acid range, and so the client needs to be
instructed to consume an acid ash diet. Rhubarb reduces the acidity of
the urine and should be avoided when acidic urine is required. Prunes,
oranges, and cranberries are acceptable foods.
◉ For which vitamin deficiency should the nurse monitor the client
who is on a vegan diet?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin E Answer: b. Vitamin B12
Rationale: The client on a vegan diet does not consume animal
products and is therefore at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. Fruits and
vegetables, which are acceptable to the client on a vegan diet, contain
vitamins A, C, and E.
◉ A client with cirrhosis has an increased ammonia level. Which diet
does the nurse anticipate will be of benefit to the client?
a. One low in protein
, b. One high in fluids
c. One high in carbohydrates
d. One with a moderate amount of fat Answer: a. One low in protein
Rationale: A low-protein diet would be prescribed for the client with
cirrhosis who has an increased ammonia level. Protein in the diet is
transported to the liver by the portal vein after digestion and
absorption. The liver breaks down protein, resulting in the formation
of ammonia. Therefore the client would benefit from a low-protein
diet.
◉ A nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with cholecystitis.
Which menu selection by the client indicates to the nurse that the
client understands the instructions?
a. Roast turkey with a baked potato
b. Fruit plate with fresh whipped cream
c. Fried chicken with macaroni and cheese
d. Barbecued spare ribs with buttered noodles Answer: a. Roast
turkey with a baked potato
Rationale: The client with cholecystitis should reduce intake of fat.
Foods that should generally be avoided to achieve this end include
sauces and gravies, fatty meats, fried foods, products made with
cream, and heavy desserts. Therefore the correct answer is roast
turkey with a baked potato, which is a meal low in fat.
◉ A client is found to have ulcerative colitis, and the nurse provides
instructions to the client about the diet that should be followed while
the disease is in remission. Which menu selection by the client
indicates to the nurse that the client best understands the instructions?
