PSY 240 – Foundations & Research Methods in Social Psychology (2025/2026) | 70+ Questions | Theories, Culture, Self-Concept

This expert-verified document is a Q&A-based exam study guide for PSY 240 or similar courses in social psychology, covering both theoretical foundations and applied research methods. Designed for the 2025/2026 academic year at the University of [Insert University Name], it includes 70+ high-yield questions and answers, ideal for mastering core concepts in preparation for quizzes, midterms, and final exams. The guide offers detailed coverage of essential topics, including: Historical foundations: Triplett’s social facilitation study (1898) Research design: theory vs. hypothesis, random sampling and assignment, internal and external validity, operational definitions, and IRB ethics Methods: observation, archival research, survey techniques, experiments, and the replication crisis Self and identity: self-concept, self-schemas, introspection, self-perception theory, and the SOKA model Culture and cognition: individualistic vs. collectivistic cultures, bicultural identity, and global culture Social comparison and self-esteem: sociometer theory, terror management theory, self-discrepancy theory, strategic self-presentation, and better-than-average effect Behavior and motivation: self-regulation, self-monitoring, spotlight effect, and self-handicapping Who is this document for? Students enrolled in Introduction to Social Psychology, Research Methods in Psychology, or PSY 240 Psychology majors and social science students preparing for exams, assignments, or concept reviews Learners needing help differentiating between theoretical perspectives and experimental procedures in social behavior research Anyone seeking a solid grasp of identity, motivation, and self-related processes in social contexts This review is formatted to enhance understanding through repetition and explanation, making it especially useful for both visual and active learners. Keywords: social psychology, PSY 240, self-concept, research methods, IRB ethics, experimental design, social comparison, self-perception theory, introspection, operational definition, collectivism, individualism, self-regulation, validity, replication crisis, social identity, SOKA model, self-esteem theories, strategic self-presentation