DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH (REPORTED SPEECH) – PREMIUM NOTES
⭐ 1. What is Direct & Indirect Speech?
Direct Speech
When we quote the exact words spoken by someone.
Example:
Ravi said, “I am happy.”
Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
When we report the meaning of someone’s words without quoting them exactly.
Example:
Ravi said that he was happy.
---
⭐ 2. Important Terms
1. Reporting Verb (RV) – The verb used to report (said, told, asked).
2. Reported Speech (RS) – The actual spoken words.
, 3. Conjunction – Words like that, if, whether used to join in indirect speech.
---
⭐ 3. General Rules for Conversion
✔️
Rule 1: Change of Tense
When the reporting verb is in past tense → the tense of the reported speech changes.
Direct (Tense) Indirect (Tense)
Simple Present → Simple Past
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
Simple Past → Past Perfect
Will/shall → Would/should
📌 If reporting verb is in present or future → NO change in tense.
⭐ 1. What is Direct & Indirect Speech?
Direct Speech
When we quote the exact words spoken by someone.
Example:
Ravi said, “I am happy.”
Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
When we report the meaning of someone’s words without quoting them exactly.
Example:
Ravi said that he was happy.
---
⭐ 2. Important Terms
1. Reporting Verb (RV) – The verb used to report (said, told, asked).
2. Reported Speech (RS) – The actual spoken words.
, 3. Conjunction – Words like that, if, whether used to join in indirect speech.
---
⭐ 3. General Rules for Conversion
✔️
Rule 1: Change of Tense
When the reporting verb is in past tense → the tense of the reported speech changes.
Direct (Tense) Indirect (Tense)
Simple Present → Simple Past
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
Simple Past → Past Perfect
Will/shall → Would/should
📌 If reporting verb is in present or future → NO change in tense.
