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Samenvatting Spijsvertering - Prof. Dr. Jan Tack

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Dit document is een samenvatting van alles wat je moet kennen voor het deel van Prof. Dr. Jan Tack van het examen Spijsvertering. Dit document is gebaseerd op de slides, mijn notities en de bijhorende delen van de cursus 'Ziekteleer van het spijsverteringsstelsel' met oog voor details, volledigheid en structuur. Het document is aangevuld met afbeeldingen ter illutstatie. Veel succes!

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SPIJSVERTERING: PROF. DR. TACK
INHOUDSTAFEL

1. inleiding: het maag-darmstelsel ............................................................................................ 3
2. aandoeningen van de slokdarm (hb p. 13-27) .......................................................................... 4
2.1 introductie ..........................................................................................................................4
2.2 klachten bij aandoeningen van de slokdarm..........................................................................5
2.3 technische onderzoeken bij vermoeden van slokdarmlijden ..................................................7
2.3.1 oesofagogestroduodenoscopioe + biopsie .......................................................................7
2.3.2 pH/impedantie meting ....................................................................................................7
2.3.3 Manometrie ....................................................................................................................8
2.3.4 radiologische onderzoeken ..............................................................................................8
2.4 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ...........................................................................9
2.4.1 metaplasie en Barret slokdarm ...................................................................................... 15
2.5 motorische slokdarmaandoeningen ................................................................................... 16
2.5.1 achalasie ...................................................................................................................... 16
2.5.2 slokdarmspasmen ........................................................................................................ 19
2.6 eosinofiele oesofagitis ....................................................................................................... 20
2.7 stenosen .......................................................................................................................... 21
2.7.1 ring van Schatzki ........................................................................................................... 21
2.7.2 ring van Plummer-Vinson............................................................................................... 22
2.7.3 congenitale slokdarmatresie ......................................................................................... 22
2.8 infecties en ontstekingen van de slokdarm.......................................................................... 22
2.8.1 infecties ....................................................................................................................... 22
2.8.2 caustisch ..................................................................................................................... 23
2.9 tumoren ........................................................................................................................... 24
2.10 take home messages......................................................................................................... 24
2.11 casussen .......................................................................................................................... 24
3. aandoeningen van de maag en bulbus (HB p. 27-36) ..............................................................26
3.1 maag- en duodenumulcus ................................................................................................. 26
3.1.1 introductie petische ulcera ............................................................................................ 26
3.1.2 symptomen peptische ulcera ........................................................................................ 30
3.1.3 diagnose peptische ulcera ............................................................................................. 31
3.1.4 behandeling peptische ulcera ........................................................................................ 31
3.1.5 verwikkelingen peptische ulcera .................................................................................... 32
3.1.6 ziekte of syndroom van Zollinger-Ellison ......................................................................... 37


1

, 3.2 inflammatie: gastritis ......................................................................................................... 38
3.2.1 acute gastritis ............................................................................................................... 38
3.2.2 chronische gastritis ....................................................................................................... 39
3.3 casus ............................................................................................................................... 40
4. aandoeningen dunne darm en colon (hb p. 59-67, 77-83, 103-115, 145-148 ) ............................41
4.1 malabsorptie .................................................................................................................... 42
4.1.1 lactose intolerantie ....................................................................................................... 43
4.1.2 coeliakie ....................................................................................................................... 45
4.1.3 ziekte van Whipple ........................................................................................................ 48
4.1.4 intestinale bacteriële overgroei ...................................................................................... 49
4.1.5 short bowel syndrome ................................................................................................... 51
4.2 dunne darm obstructie ...................................................................................................... 52
4.2.1 ileus ............................................................................................................................. 53
4.2.2 peritonitis ..................................................................................................................... 55
4.3 appendicitis ...................................................................................................................... 55
4.4 invaginatie ........................................................................................................................ 57
4.5 volvulus ............................................................................................................................ 58
4.6 inflammatoire ziekten van dunne darm en colon ................................................................. 59
4.6.1 microscopische colitis .................................................................................................. 59
4.6.2 diverticulose en diverticulitis ......................................................................................... 60
4.6.3 andere inflammatoire aandoeningen v/h colon ............................................................... 62
4.7 colon poliepen .................................................................................................................. 63
4.8 casussen .......................................................................................................................... 65
5. functionele aandoeningen van maag en darm (hb p. 67-72) ....................................................66
5.1 functionele dyspepsie ....................................................................................................... 68
5.2 irritable bowel syndroom ................................................................................................... 75




2

,1. INLEIDING: HET MAAG-DARMSTELSEL

→ situering vak: niet te kennen


Maag-darm stelsel
= buis v mond naar anus
→ speekselklier ook onderdeel ervan


Histologie
• Lumen
• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• 2 spierlagen
o Circulair
o Longitudinaal
• Serosa
• Mesenterische plexus
• Submucosale plexus


Samenstelling
• Groot opp voor absorptie nutriënten
• Uitgebreid afweersysteem
→ bact buiten houden
• Neuronen
o Hersenen weten continue wat er gebeurt
o N. vagus: 90% afferent v maag-darmstelsel


Gut-brain interactions
Eten (primaire behoefte)
→ geen voeding → hersenen motiveren je om voeding te zoeken → beloningssysteem actief na effectief te
eten (= reward)
=> als je eet dan voel je je goed
→ serotonine, dopamine, endogene opiaten, endocanabinoïden = stoffen die je goed laten voelen
! onbewuste signalen uit maag-darm stelsel naar hersenen om te melden dat er wel/geen voedsel is


Cascade: enorm bindend (oa sociaal zeer bindend)


Klachten in Belgische algemene bevolking
→ 40% heeft regelmatig maag-darm kalchten
• Slokdarm
• Maag
o 65% vrouwen

3

, o Toenemend met leeftijd tot 45%, daarna stabiel
• Darm

Functionele GI aandoeningen in Europa
→ ± 10-30% v bevolking
• 1/3 personen met klachten gaat ervoor naar een arts
• Prikkelbare darm syndroom: 10% bevolking
• Functionele dyspepsie: 11-24%
• Meer bij vrouwen

Digestieve tumoren in Europa
• Snel delende cellijn in GI-tract
→ kanker kan hier makkelijker ontwikkelen
• Colonkanker
→ 3e dodelijkste kanker
• FOB test
= faecol occult blood test
→ screening

Alcohol problematiek in Europa
• 1-4 drankjes/dag verhoogt het risico op colorectale en slokdarmkanker
• > 4 drankjes/dag verhoogt het risico op pancreas, maag en leverkanker
• Alcohol misbruik zorgt voor 50% wereldwijde leverkanker


2. AANDOENINGEN VAN DE SLOKDARM (HB P. 13-27)

2.1 INTRODUCTIE

Slokdarm
→ 1e stuk bij het binnenkomen in de GI-tract
• 22-23 cm lang v bovenste tot onderste slokdarmsfincter
• Aandoeningen v cervicale, bovenste en mid-thoracale slokdarm
o Spinocellulair epithelioom
o Eosinofiele oesofagitis
o Achalasie
o Candida (moniliase)
o SD spasmen
• Aandoeningen van laag-thoracale en abdominale slokdarm
o Reflux
o Barrett slokdarm
o Adenocarcinoom



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