WGU C224 RESEARCH FOUNDATIONS EXAM | QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM
Deductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - Drawing conclusions. Logical
deductive process working down - going from big to small. ex. All books sold at
that store are new, and all the books I bought came from that store. Therefore,
all the books I own are new.
Inductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - Starts specific. Accepting
conclusions. Going from small to big. Ex. The water at the beach has been about
75 degrees anytime I visit in July. Today is July 15th, so I expect the water will
be about 75 degrees when I go to the beach tomorrow.
Epistemology - CORRECT ANSWER - the overall pursuit of knowledge, not
a specific knowledge contention. The study of knowledge itself.
Rule of Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER - Simple and concise, succint
Criterion of Falsifiability - CORRECT ANSWER - if it can't be rejected, then
its going in the right direction
The Principle of Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER - researchers conduct
research to acquire evidence that may support a theory and/or hypothesis.
Researchers do not attempt to prove what is true.
Ontology - CORRECT ANSWER - Inherent understanding. Nature of
reality/truth
,Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Quantitative. Random
assignment - not random selection.
Quantitation Research Methods - CORRECT ANSWER - Experimental and
Non-Experimental
Non-Experimental Research Methods - CORRECT ANSWER - Correlation
and Casual Comparative
Correlation research method - CORRECT ANSWER - Quantitative. A process
to collect data to determine if a relationship exists between two or more
quantitative variables, and to what degree.
Correlation Coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER - Strength and direction of a
relationship between two variables. range of +1 to -1
Positive Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER - r=+1 (points follow along a
line)
Negative Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER - r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and
looks like a gun shot all over)
Variables - CORRECT ANSWER - a condition or characteristic that can take
on different values or categories (such as age, GPA, gender, etc.)
Quantitative Variable - CORRECT ANSWER - a variable that varies in degree
or amount of a phenomenon (ex. Temperature, weight, GPA, reading
performance, etc.)
, Categorical Variables - CORRECT ANSWER - a variable that is made up of
different types of categories of a phenomenon (gender, ethnicity, type of school,
teaching method, religion, social class)
Descriptive Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER - Goal is to describe,
summarize, or make sense of a particular set of data.
Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER - where researchers use the laws
of probability to make inferences about populations based on sample data. In
the branch of inferential statistics known as estimation, researchers want to
estimate the characteristics of populations based on their sample data. To make
valid statistical estimations about populations, they use random samples (i.e.,
"probability" samples). In the branch of inferential statistics known as
hypothesis testing, researchers test specific hypotheses about populations based
on their sample data.
Help researchers to know whether they can generalize to a population of
individuals based on information obtained from a limited number of research
participants.
Strengths of Quantitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Testing and
validating already constructed theories
Can generalize research findings when based on random samples
Determining nomothetic consumption (general scientific casual relationships)
Quick and cheap
Qualitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Bottom-up philosophy
Qualitative Research purpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Collects text or
imagery data to gain a deeper understanding of existing phenomena, gain
insight on insider perspective. Exploration, discovery, understanding
ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM
Deductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - Drawing conclusions. Logical
deductive process working down - going from big to small. ex. All books sold at
that store are new, and all the books I bought came from that store. Therefore,
all the books I own are new.
Inductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - Starts specific. Accepting
conclusions. Going from small to big. Ex. The water at the beach has been about
75 degrees anytime I visit in July. Today is July 15th, so I expect the water will
be about 75 degrees when I go to the beach tomorrow.
Epistemology - CORRECT ANSWER - the overall pursuit of knowledge, not
a specific knowledge contention. The study of knowledge itself.
Rule of Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER - Simple and concise, succint
Criterion of Falsifiability - CORRECT ANSWER - if it can't be rejected, then
its going in the right direction
The Principle of Evidence - CORRECT ANSWER - researchers conduct
research to acquire evidence that may support a theory and/or hypothesis.
Researchers do not attempt to prove what is true.
Ontology - CORRECT ANSWER - Inherent understanding. Nature of
reality/truth
,Experimental Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Quantitative. Random
assignment - not random selection.
Quantitation Research Methods - CORRECT ANSWER - Experimental and
Non-Experimental
Non-Experimental Research Methods - CORRECT ANSWER - Correlation
and Casual Comparative
Correlation research method - CORRECT ANSWER - Quantitative. A process
to collect data to determine if a relationship exists between two or more
quantitative variables, and to what degree.
Correlation Coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER - Strength and direction of a
relationship between two variables. range of +1 to -1
Positive Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER - r=+1 (points follow along a
line)
Negative Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER - r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and
looks like a gun shot all over)
Variables - CORRECT ANSWER - a condition or characteristic that can take
on different values or categories (such as age, GPA, gender, etc.)
Quantitative Variable - CORRECT ANSWER - a variable that varies in degree
or amount of a phenomenon (ex. Temperature, weight, GPA, reading
performance, etc.)
, Categorical Variables - CORRECT ANSWER - a variable that is made up of
different types of categories of a phenomenon (gender, ethnicity, type of school,
teaching method, religion, social class)
Descriptive Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER - Goal is to describe,
summarize, or make sense of a particular set of data.
Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER - where researchers use the laws
of probability to make inferences about populations based on sample data. In
the branch of inferential statistics known as estimation, researchers want to
estimate the characteristics of populations based on their sample data. To make
valid statistical estimations about populations, they use random samples (i.e.,
"probability" samples). In the branch of inferential statistics known as
hypothesis testing, researchers test specific hypotheses about populations based
on their sample data.
Help researchers to know whether they can generalize to a population of
individuals based on information obtained from a limited number of research
participants.
Strengths of Quantitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Testing and
validating already constructed theories
Can generalize research findings when based on random samples
Determining nomothetic consumption (general scientific casual relationships)
Quick and cheap
Qualitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER - Bottom-up philosophy
Qualitative Research purpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Collects text or
imagery data to gain a deeper understanding of existing phenomena, gain
insight on insider perspective. Exploration, discovery, understanding
