ACLS TEST PREP (PALS, BLS, ACLS)
Questions and Answers
1. The child you are caring for is very pale. You know that this pallor can
be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Anemia
B) Heat
C) Shock
D) Albinism:
ANS Heat
*Rationale:* Heat generally causes skin flushing and capillary dilation,
which makes the skin red/pink. The other conditions result in pale skin.
Anemia and shock are due to decreased blood flow through skin
capillaries. Albinism is due to a congenital lack of skin pigment.
2. Clinical signs of respiratory distress may include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A) Rapid respiratory rate
B) Grunting respirations
C) Warm, pink skin
D) Diminished level of consciousness:
ANS Warm, pink skin
*Rationale:* Grunting respirations, rapid respiratory rate, and a
diminished level of consciousness are signs of respiratory compromise.
Warm, pink skin would not normally occur during the course of
respiratory distress.
3. Late and ominous signs of respiratory failure include all of the
1/
16
,following EXCEPT:
A) Rapid respiratory rate
B) Cyanosis
C) Bradycardia
D) Diminished level of consciousness:
ANS Rapid respiratory rate
*Rationale:* An elevated respiratory rate is a sign of early respiratory
compromise. In late stages or overt respiratory failure, the respiratory rat
is low or barely detectable.
4.A 5-year-old child in supraventricular tachycardia has adequate pulses
with the rhythm. Supplemental oxygen is in place and vital signs are stable
except for the elevated heart rate. The most appropriate next intervention for
this child is
ANS Vagal Maneuvers
*Rationale:* Vagal maneuvers are a reasonable first intervention for
supraventricular tachycardia in a hemodynamically stable patient, as thi
child is.
5.A child has an advanced airway in place during cardiac arrest.
How frequently should ventilations be given
ANS Every 6-8 Seconds
8-10 BPM
*Rationale:* The latest AHA guidelines recommend one ventilation every
six sec- onds, or 10 per minute, when an advanced airway is in place.
6.You are using a bag-valve mask to resuscitate an infant, while another
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16
, rescuer is performing chest compressions. What is the correct ratio of
chest compressions to ventilations
ANS 15 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
*Rationale:* The AHA suggests that during a pediatric resuscitation with
two or more rescuers present, the correct ratio of chest compressions to
ventilations is 15:2.
7.You are alone performing infant CPR. What is the correct ratio of
chest compressions to ventilations
ANS 30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
*Rationale:* The AHA suggests that during a pediatric resuscitation with
only one rescuer present, the correct ratio of chest compressions to
ventilations is 30:2.
8.A 7 month old appears to be unconscious and not breathing. You check
for a pulse at the artery.: Brachial
*Rationale:* Rescuers should use the brachial artery in the upper arm to
check for a pulse. The artery is easily palpable in infants and young
children.
9.A clear sign of upper airway obstruction is
ANS A "whistling" sound during breath- ing
*Rationale:* A "whistling" sound during breathing usually indicates
*stridor.* Crying suggests full lung function, as does breath sounds in all
lung fields. Decreased
inspiratory effort is a non-specific sign, but may reflect a central process
(i.e. consequence of head trauma).
3/
16
Questions and Answers
1. The child you are caring for is very pale. You know that this pallor can
be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Anemia
B) Heat
C) Shock
D) Albinism:
ANS Heat
*Rationale:* Heat generally causes skin flushing and capillary dilation,
which makes the skin red/pink. The other conditions result in pale skin.
Anemia and shock are due to decreased blood flow through skin
capillaries. Albinism is due to a congenital lack of skin pigment.
2. Clinical signs of respiratory distress may include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A) Rapid respiratory rate
B) Grunting respirations
C) Warm, pink skin
D) Diminished level of consciousness:
ANS Warm, pink skin
*Rationale:* Grunting respirations, rapid respiratory rate, and a
diminished level of consciousness are signs of respiratory compromise.
Warm, pink skin would not normally occur during the course of
respiratory distress.
3. Late and ominous signs of respiratory failure include all of the
1/
16
,following EXCEPT:
A) Rapid respiratory rate
B) Cyanosis
C) Bradycardia
D) Diminished level of consciousness:
ANS Rapid respiratory rate
*Rationale:* An elevated respiratory rate is a sign of early respiratory
compromise. In late stages or overt respiratory failure, the respiratory rat
is low or barely detectable.
4.A 5-year-old child in supraventricular tachycardia has adequate pulses
with the rhythm. Supplemental oxygen is in place and vital signs are stable
except for the elevated heart rate. The most appropriate next intervention for
this child is
ANS Vagal Maneuvers
*Rationale:* Vagal maneuvers are a reasonable first intervention for
supraventricular tachycardia in a hemodynamically stable patient, as thi
child is.
5.A child has an advanced airway in place during cardiac arrest.
How frequently should ventilations be given
ANS Every 6-8 Seconds
8-10 BPM
*Rationale:* The latest AHA guidelines recommend one ventilation every
six sec- onds, or 10 per minute, when an advanced airway is in place.
6.You are using a bag-valve mask to resuscitate an infant, while another
2/
16
, rescuer is performing chest compressions. What is the correct ratio of
chest compressions to ventilations
ANS 15 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
*Rationale:* The AHA suggests that during a pediatric resuscitation with
two or more rescuers present, the correct ratio of chest compressions to
ventilations is 15:2.
7.You are alone performing infant CPR. What is the correct ratio of
chest compressions to ventilations
ANS 30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
*Rationale:* The AHA suggests that during a pediatric resuscitation with
only one rescuer present, the correct ratio of chest compressions to
ventilations is 30:2.
8.A 7 month old appears to be unconscious and not breathing. You check
for a pulse at the artery.: Brachial
*Rationale:* Rescuers should use the brachial artery in the upper arm to
check for a pulse. The artery is easily palpable in infants and young
children.
9.A clear sign of upper airway obstruction is
ANS A "whistling" sound during breath- ing
*Rationale:* A "whistling" sound during breathing usually indicates
*stridor.* Crying suggests full lung function, as does breath sounds in all
lung fields. Decreased
inspiratory effort is a non-specific sign, but may reflect a central process
(i.e. consequence of head trauma).
3/
16
