FAU Pathophysiology Exam 3 Questions
With Correct Answers
Pleural |Effusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |abnormal |collection |of |fluid |in |the |pleural |cavity
-Occurs |when |the |rate |of |fluid |formation |exceeds |the |rate |of |its |removal
5 |Types:
-Transudate
-Exudate
-Purulent
-Chyle
-Sanguineous
Problem:
-Acts |as |a |space |occupying |mass; |causes |decrease |in |lung |expansion
-Diminished |breath |sounds
-Hypoxemia
-Dyspnea |(Increased |effort |or |rate |of |breathing)
-Chest |pain |especially |on |breathing |deeply
Cor |Pulmonale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Right |sided |heart |failure |resulting |from |primary |lung |
disease |or |pulmonary |hypertension
-Increased |pressures |and |work |result |in |hypertrophy |and |eventual |failure |of |the |right |ventricle
,Signs:
-venous |congestion
-peripheral |edema
-SOB
-Productive |cough
-Cyanosis
-Drowsiness |and |altered |consciousness |may |occur |from |CO2 |retention
Treatment:
-Low-flow |oxygen |therapy |to |reduce |the |pulmonary |hypertension |and |polycythemia |associated
|with |severe |hypoxemia |caused |by |chronic |lung |disease
Patient |Teaching |on |Risks |for |Atelectasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Atelectasis |is |an |incomplete |
expansion |of |a |lung |or |portion |of |a |lung
Causes:
-Airway |obstruction
-Lung |compression |(pneumothorax |or |pleural |effusion)
-Increased |recoil |of |the |lung |due |to |loss |of |pulmonary |surfactant
-Most |commonly |in |adults |caused |by |a |mucus |plug |in |the |airway
Prevention!
-Ambulation/Turning
-Deep |breathing |(Incentive |spirometry)
-Coughing
What |is |COPD |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Chronic |Obstructive |Pulmonary |Disease |
, "Blue |Bloaters"
*Leading |cause |of |morbidity |and |mortality |worldwide*
*4th |leading |cause |of |death |in |the |USA |(More |women)*
-Approx. |24 |million |Americans |have |some |degree |of |COPD |and |12.1 |million |are |diagnosed
-By |the |time |symptoms |appear |the |disease |is |far |advanced
-Chronic |and |recurrent |obstruction |of |airflow |in |the |pulmonary |airways
-Airway |obstruction |is |usually |progressive |and |accompanied |by |inflammatory |responses |too |
noxious |particles |or |gases
Includes:
-Inflammation |and |fibrosis |of |the |bronchial |wall
-Excess |mucus |secretion
-Mismatch |of |ventilation |and |perfusion |(cant |get |CO2 |out)
-Loss |of |elastic |fibers |impairs |the |expiratory |flow |rate, |increases |air |trapping |and |predisposes |
to |airway |collapse |
Causes:
-Smoking
-Less |common |hereditary |deficiency |in |a1-antitrypsin
3 |Types |of |COPD |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Emphysema
-Loss |of |lung |elasticity, |abnormal, |permanent |enlargement |of |the |airspaces |distal |to |the |
terminal |bronchioles |and |hyperinflation |of |the |lungs
With Correct Answers
Pleural |Effusion |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |abnormal |collection |of |fluid |in |the |pleural |cavity
-Occurs |when |the |rate |of |fluid |formation |exceeds |the |rate |of |its |removal
5 |Types:
-Transudate
-Exudate
-Purulent
-Chyle
-Sanguineous
Problem:
-Acts |as |a |space |occupying |mass; |causes |decrease |in |lung |expansion
-Diminished |breath |sounds
-Hypoxemia
-Dyspnea |(Increased |effort |or |rate |of |breathing)
-Chest |pain |especially |on |breathing |deeply
Cor |Pulmonale |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Right |sided |heart |failure |resulting |from |primary |lung |
disease |or |pulmonary |hypertension
-Increased |pressures |and |work |result |in |hypertrophy |and |eventual |failure |of |the |right |ventricle
,Signs:
-venous |congestion
-peripheral |edema
-SOB
-Productive |cough
-Cyanosis
-Drowsiness |and |altered |consciousness |may |occur |from |CO2 |retention
Treatment:
-Low-flow |oxygen |therapy |to |reduce |the |pulmonary |hypertension |and |polycythemia |associated
|with |severe |hypoxemia |caused |by |chronic |lung |disease
Patient |Teaching |on |Risks |for |Atelectasis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Atelectasis |is |an |incomplete |
expansion |of |a |lung |or |portion |of |a |lung
Causes:
-Airway |obstruction
-Lung |compression |(pneumothorax |or |pleural |effusion)
-Increased |recoil |of |the |lung |due |to |loss |of |pulmonary |surfactant
-Most |commonly |in |adults |caused |by |a |mucus |plug |in |the |airway
Prevention!
-Ambulation/Turning
-Deep |breathing |(Incentive |spirometry)
-Coughing
What |is |COPD |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Chronic |Obstructive |Pulmonary |Disease |
, "Blue |Bloaters"
*Leading |cause |of |morbidity |and |mortality |worldwide*
*4th |leading |cause |of |death |in |the |USA |(More |women)*
-Approx. |24 |million |Americans |have |some |degree |of |COPD |and |12.1 |million |are |diagnosed
-By |the |time |symptoms |appear |the |disease |is |far |advanced
-Chronic |and |recurrent |obstruction |of |airflow |in |the |pulmonary |airways
-Airway |obstruction |is |usually |progressive |and |accompanied |by |inflammatory |responses |too |
noxious |particles |or |gases
Includes:
-Inflammation |and |fibrosis |of |the |bronchial |wall
-Excess |mucus |secretion
-Mismatch |of |ventilation |and |perfusion |(cant |get |CO2 |out)
-Loss |of |elastic |fibers |impairs |the |expiratory |flow |rate, |increases |air |trapping |and |predisposes |
to |airway |collapse |
Causes:
-Smoking
-Less |common |hereditary |deficiency |in |a1-antitrypsin
3 |Types |of |COPD |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Emphysema
-Loss |of |lung |elasticity, |abnormal, |permanent |enlargement |of |the |airspaces |distal |to |the |
terminal |bronchioles |and |hyperinflation |of |the |lungs
