NGR6141 Exam 3 Objectives – Questions With
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Terms in this set (132)
A double walled membrane sac that encloses the
epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium is called
the ________________________.
It has 3 Functions:
1. Prevents displacement of heart during gravitational
acceleration, deceleration
2. Acts as a physical barrier that protects the heart
The Pericardium:
against infection and inflammation from the lungs and
plural space
1) describe
3. Contains pain receptors and mechanoreceptors that
2) 3 functions
can elicit reflex changes in B/P and HR
3) name 2 layers
C) Has 2 Layers:
1. Parietal - outer layers, surface layer of mesothelium
over a thin layer of connective tissue
2. Visceral (Epicardium) - inner layer
-Layers separated by pericardial cavity that contains
20ml of pericardial fluid
, - Valves open and close due to pressure gradients
- Four Valves, two kinds of valves:
1. Atrioventricular Valves: one way flow of blood from
atrium to ventricle
Be able to identify the
(a) Tricuspid - (has 3 cusps), Rt valve between the RA
location of the tricuspid,
and RV
pulmonic, mitral, aortic
(b) Mitral - (bicuspid), found between LA and LV
valve and how they
function. What causes the
2. Semilunar Valves: one way flow from ventricles to
valves to open and close?
either the PA or to the Aorta
(a) Pulmonic - blood goes from RV to PA
- when this valve is open, the AV is closed
(b) Aortic - blood from LV goes into the Aorta
2a) Atrioventricular Valves: 2a) The _______________ valve has 3 cusps, and is located
one way flow of blood between the RA and the RV
from atrium to ventricle
(a) Tricuspid 2b) The __________________ valve has 2 leaflets and is found
(b) Mitral between LA and LV
a) Valves that allow one way flow from ventricles to
either the PA or to the Aorta are called the
_______________________ valves. There are two kinds called (b)
and (c)
a) Semilunar Valves:
b) Pulmonic
b) The _______________valve allows blood to go from RV to
PA, when this valve is open, the AV is closed
c) Aortic
c) The_________________valve allows blood from LV to go into
the Aorta
LA contraction [SYSTOLE] allows a significant
"Atrial kick" INCREASE in the amt of blood entering the LV at the
end of its contraction [DIASTOLE]
, A) The ______________ ______________ ________________ originates from
an ostium behind the aortic cusp and travels behind the
Pulm artery (PA), it extends around the right heart to the
A) Right Coronary Artery hearts' posterior surface where it branches into the RA
and RV area.
(1) Conus branch - Has three branches:
(1) The __________________ branch supplies blood to the RV.
(2) Rt Marginal Branch
(2) The ________________ ________________ branch crosses through
(3) Posterior Descending the RV to the apex
Artery (PDA)
(3) The __________________ ___________________ Artery lies in the post
interventricular sulcus and supplies smaller branches to
both ventricles
(1) The ____________ _________________ _____________ Artery delivers
blood to the LA and RV and much of the Septum. It
originates from a single ostium behind the left cusp of
(1) Left Anterior
the AV and it passes between the LA appendage and
Descending (LAD)
the PA.
(2) Circumflex Artery (CX)
(2) The ___________________ Artery supplies the LA and the
Lateral wall of the LV, often branches into the posterior
surface of the LA and LV Lateral wall.
The _________________ ___________________ Law is the volume of
blood in the heart at the end of DIASTOLE (length of its
muscle fibers) that is directly r/t to the force of
contraction during the next SYSTOLE.
Frank Starling Law
- Myocardial stretch determines the force of myocardial
contraction
- The more stretch = the more incr force of contraction
, - Myocardial and blood vessel stiffening
o r/t cross-linking of collagen
o increase in collagen
o disposition of Ca+
Know the major changes of o change in elastin
aging related to the o change in extracellular matrix
cardiovascular system o reactive oxygen species
- Changes in neurogenic control over vascular tone
- Incr occurrence of atrial fibrillation
- Loss of exercise capacity
- Left LV hypertrophy and fibrosis
Applicable Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (132)
A double walled membrane sac that encloses the
epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium is called
the ________________________.
It has 3 Functions:
1. Prevents displacement of heart during gravitational
acceleration, deceleration
2. Acts as a physical barrier that protects the heart
The Pericardium:
against infection and inflammation from the lungs and
plural space
1) describe
3. Contains pain receptors and mechanoreceptors that
2) 3 functions
can elicit reflex changes in B/P and HR
3) name 2 layers
C) Has 2 Layers:
1. Parietal - outer layers, surface layer of mesothelium
over a thin layer of connective tissue
2. Visceral (Epicardium) - inner layer
-Layers separated by pericardial cavity that contains
20ml of pericardial fluid
, - Valves open and close due to pressure gradients
- Four Valves, two kinds of valves:
1. Atrioventricular Valves: one way flow of blood from
atrium to ventricle
Be able to identify the
(a) Tricuspid - (has 3 cusps), Rt valve between the RA
location of the tricuspid,
and RV
pulmonic, mitral, aortic
(b) Mitral - (bicuspid), found between LA and LV
valve and how they
function. What causes the
2. Semilunar Valves: one way flow from ventricles to
valves to open and close?
either the PA or to the Aorta
(a) Pulmonic - blood goes from RV to PA
- when this valve is open, the AV is closed
(b) Aortic - blood from LV goes into the Aorta
2a) Atrioventricular Valves: 2a) The _______________ valve has 3 cusps, and is located
one way flow of blood between the RA and the RV
from atrium to ventricle
(a) Tricuspid 2b) The __________________ valve has 2 leaflets and is found
(b) Mitral between LA and LV
a) Valves that allow one way flow from ventricles to
either the PA or to the Aorta are called the
_______________________ valves. There are two kinds called (b)
and (c)
a) Semilunar Valves:
b) Pulmonic
b) The _______________valve allows blood to go from RV to
PA, when this valve is open, the AV is closed
c) Aortic
c) The_________________valve allows blood from LV to go into
the Aorta
LA contraction [SYSTOLE] allows a significant
"Atrial kick" INCREASE in the amt of blood entering the LV at the
end of its contraction [DIASTOLE]
, A) The ______________ ______________ ________________ originates from
an ostium behind the aortic cusp and travels behind the
Pulm artery (PA), it extends around the right heart to the
A) Right Coronary Artery hearts' posterior surface where it branches into the RA
and RV area.
(1) Conus branch - Has three branches:
(1) The __________________ branch supplies blood to the RV.
(2) Rt Marginal Branch
(2) The ________________ ________________ branch crosses through
(3) Posterior Descending the RV to the apex
Artery (PDA)
(3) The __________________ ___________________ Artery lies in the post
interventricular sulcus and supplies smaller branches to
both ventricles
(1) The ____________ _________________ _____________ Artery delivers
blood to the LA and RV and much of the Septum. It
originates from a single ostium behind the left cusp of
(1) Left Anterior
the AV and it passes between the LA appendage and
Descending (LAD)
the PA.
(2) Circumflex Artery (CX)
(2) The ___________________ Artery supplies the LA and the
Lateral wall of the LV, often branches into the posterior
surface of the LA and LV Lateral wall.
The _________________ ___________________ Law is the volume of
blood in the heart at the end of DIASTOLE (length of its
muscle fibers) that is directly r/t to the force of
contraction during the next SYSTOLE.
Frank Starling Law
- Myocardial stretch determines the force of myocardial
contraction
- The more stretch = the more incr force of contraction
, - Myocardial and blood vessel stiffening
o r/t cross-linking of collagen
o increase in collagen
o disposition of Ca+
Know the major changes of o change in elastin
aging related to the o change in extracellular matrix
cardiovascular system o reactive oxygen species
- Changes in neurogenic control over vascular tone
- Incr occurrence of atrial fibrillation
- Loss of exercise capacity
- Left LV hypertrophy and fibrosis
