NSG 530 EXAM 3 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Pyelonephritis - ANS inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANS Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts
of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANS Inflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANS Frequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANS cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANS small, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of the kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANS rare and primarily arises in the renal parenchyma and
renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANS a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found
within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in older men. Gross
painless hematuria
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, Gomerulonephritis - ANS inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANS inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that occurs
independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an acute infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANS inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that results
from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANS Hematuria with red blood cell casts, proteinuria with
albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
Types of glomerulonephritis - ANS - membranous nephropathy/ glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture syndrome)
- chronic glomerulonephritis
-diabetic neuropathy
Nephrotic syndrome - ANS loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through
urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANS Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
-systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANS congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the
undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANS Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Pyelonephritis - ANS inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANS Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts
of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANS Inflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANS Frequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANS cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANS small, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of the kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANS rare and primarily arises in the renal parenchyma and
renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANS a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found
within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in older men. Gross
painless hematuria
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Gomerulonephritis - ANS inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANS inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that occurs
independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an acute infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANS inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that results
from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANS Hematuria with red blood cell casts, proteinuria with
albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
Types of glomerulonephritis - ANS - membranous nephropathy/ glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
-Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture syndrome)
- chronic glomerulonephritis
-diabetic neuropathy
Nephrotic syndrome - ANS loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through
urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANS Membranous glomerulonephritis
Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
-systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANS congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the
undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANS Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
