BIO 242 - Exam 1 (final) | Updated for 2025/2026 First-Attempt Exam Success
Prokaryote - (ANSWER)A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Bacteria and Archaea.
Eukaryote - (ANSWER)organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Fungi,
protozoa, algea, parasatic worms,
acellular infectious agents - (ANSWER)viruses, viroids, prions
Medical Microbiology - (ANSWER)Deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals
Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology - (ANSWER)monitor and control the spread of diseases in
communities.
immunology - (ANSWER)Studies the complex web of protective substances and cells produced in
response to infections such diverse areas as vaccination, blood testing, and allergy.
industrial microbiology - (ANSWER)- safeguards our food and water
- biotechnology
- microbes used to create amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins
Agricultural Microbiology - (ANSWER)concerned with the relationships between microbes and
domesticated plants and animals
Enviromental Microbiology - (ANSWER)•Study the effect of microbes on the earth's diverse habitats
•Aquatic, soil, and geomicrobiology, and astrobiology
Robert Hooke - (ANSWER)first to observe (1600) and name cells
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1673) - (ANSWER)Made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabrics.
Made drawings of what he called animacules in rainwater and scraped from his teeth.
, BIO 242 - Exam 1 (final) | Updated for 2025/2026 First-Attempt Exam Success
Robert Koch - (ANSWER)Father of microbiology. Linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease.
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis - (ANSWER)Showed that women became infected
in the maternity ward after examinations by physicians who had been working in the autopsy rooms.
(Washing hands and desinfection)
Joseph Lister - (ANSWER)First to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms with antiseptic
chemicals.
Techniques become the foundation for modern microbial control still in use today.
Alexander Fleming - (ANSWER)Discovered penicillin in 1928
Pasteur - (ANSWER)Invented pasteurization
Showed that human diseases could arise from infection
Robert Koch 2 - (ANSWER)Established a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease.
Five basic techniques to manipulate, grow, examine, and characterize microorganisms in the laboratory -
(ANSWER)Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, Identification.
Inoculation - (ANSWER)*Cultivation of microorganisms
*Any growth that appears in or on the medium after incubation
*Pure culture
*A container of medium that contains only a single known species or type of microorganism
*Used most frequently for laboratory studysample is palce into a perti dish or container of growth
medium.
Inoculation - (ANSWER)Introdution of microbes into media for culture.
Sterile: free of microbes including endopores
A requirement for any instrument used for sampling and inoculation.
Prokaryote - (ANSWER)A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Bacteria and Archaea.
Eukaryote - (ANSWER)organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Fungi,
protozoa, algea, parasatic worms,
acellular infectious agents - (ANSWER)viruses, viroids, prions
Medical Microbiology - (ANSWER)Deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals
Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology - (ANSWER)monitor and control the spread of diseases in
communities.
immunology - (ANSWER)Studies the complex web of protective substances and cells produced in
response to infections such diverse areas as vaccination, blood testing, and allergy.
industrial microbiology - (ANSWER)- safeguards our food and water
- biotechnology
- microbes used to create amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins
Agricultural Microbiology - (ANSWER)concerned with the relationships between microbes and
domesticated plants and animals
Enviromental Microbiology - (ANSWER)•Study the effect of microbes on the earth's diverse habitats
•Aquatic, soil, and geomicrobiology, and astrobiology
Robert Hooke - (ANSWER)first to observe (1600) and name cells
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1673) - (ANSWER)Made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabrics.
Made drawings of what he called animacules in rainwater and scraped from his teeth.
, BIO 242 - Exam 1 (final) | Updated for 2025/2026 First-Attempt Exam Success
Robert Koch - (ANSWER)Father of microbiology. Linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease.
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis - (ANSWER)Showed that women became infected
in the maternity ward after examinations by physicians who had been working in the autopsy rooms.
(Washing hands and desinfection)
Joseph Lister - (ANSWER)First to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms with antiseptic
chemicals.
Techniques become the foundation for modern microbial control still in use today.
Alexander Fleming - (ANSWER)Discovered penicillin in 1928
Pasteur - (ANSWER)Invented pasteurization
Showed that human diseases could arise from infection
Robert Koch 2 - (ANSWER)Established a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease.
Five basic techniques to manipulate, grow, examine, and characterize microorganisms in the laboratory -
(ANSWER)Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, Identification.
Inoculation - (ANSWER)*Cultivation of microorganisms
*Any growth that appears in or on the medium after incubation
*Pure culture
*A container of medium that contains only a single known species or type of microorganism
*Used most frequently for laboratory studysample is palce into a perti dish or container of growth
medium.
Inoculation - (ANSWER)Introdution of microbes into media for culture.
Sterile: free of microbes including endopores
A requirement for any instrument used for sampling and inoculation.
