Chapter 10: Personality Disorders PowerPoint
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1. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders (1 of 3): •General features of personality disorder
include chronic interpersonal difficulties, problems with one's identity or sense of self, and an inability to function
adequately in society.
•Diagnosed when the person's enduring pattern of behavior or inner experience is pervasive and inflexible, as well as
stable and of long duration.
•Also causes either clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning and is manifested in at least two of the
following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
2. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders (2 of 3): •People with personality disorders often
cause at least as much difficulty in the lives of others as they do in their own lives.
•Do not stem from debilitating reactions to stress; instead come largely from the gradual development of inflexible and
distorted personality and behavioral patterns
•Three clusters of personality disorders in DSM-5:
•Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
•Cluster B: histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders
•Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
3. •Three clusters of personality disorders in DSM-5:: •Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, and
schizotypal personality disorders
•Cluster B: histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders
•Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
4. Cluster A:: paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
5. Cluster B:: histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders
6. Cluster C:: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
7. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders (3 of 3): •Category and cluster designations have
substantial limitations; too many overlapping features across both categories and clusters
•Several epidemiological studies have assessed the prevalence of personality disorders:
•Approximately 1 person in 10 has a diagnosable personality disorder of some kind.
•Cluster C disorders are most common, with a prevalence of around 7 percent.
•Personality disorders are often found together with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use problems, and
sexual difficulties and disorders.
8. Challenges in Personality Disorders Research (1 of 3)
Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders: Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disor-
ders
, Chapter 10: Personality Disorders PowerPoint
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htshkp
•Diagnostic criteria are not as sharply defined as they are for most other diagnostic categories
-Criteria defined by inferred traits or consistent patterns of behavior, rather than by more objective behavioral stan-
dards
•Diagnostic reliability and validity are still low despite the availability of semi-structured interviews and self-report
inventories
•No unified dimensional classification of personality disorders
•Focus on developing an approach that will integrate the many different existing approaches; the five-factor model
most influential
9. Challenges in Personality Disorders Research (2 of 3)
Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders: Difficulties in Studying the
Causes of Personality Disorders
•Not much is known about what causes the development of personality disorders
•High level of comorbidity among disorders
•Relatively little prospective research has been conducted
•Biological Factors: infants' temperament may predispose them to develop particular personality traits and disorders
10. Challenges in Personality Disorders Research (3 of 3): •Psychological Factors:
•Psychodynamic theories: an infant's getting excessive versus insufficient gratification of its impulses in the first few
years of life
•Learning-based: habit patterns and maladaptive cognitive styles
•May originate in disturbed parent-child attachment relationships
•Parental psychopathology and ineffective parenting practices also implicated
•Early emotional, physical, and sexual abuse may also be important factors
•Sociocultural Factors: social stressors, societal changes, and cultural values
11. Cluster A Personality Disorders (1 of 6): Paranoid Personality Disorder
•Individuals with this disorder:
-are suspicious, distrustful
-bear grudges
-refuse to forgive perceived insults and slights
-can display violent behaviors, rigidity, hypersensitivity, and argumentativeness
-are constantly "on guard" for attacks from others
•Prevalence is around 1 to 2 percent, with equal numbers of men and women being affected
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htshkp
1. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders (1 of 3): •General features of personality disorder
include chronic interpersonal difficulties, problems with one's identity or sense of self, and an inability to function
adequately in society.
•Diagnosed when the person's enduring pattern of behavior or inner experience is pervasive and inflexible, as well as
stable and of long duration.
•Also causes either clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning and is manifested in at least two of the
following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
2. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders (2 of 3): •People with personality disorders often
cause at least as much difficulty in the lives of others as they do in their own lives.
•Do not stem from debilitating reactions to stress; instead come largely from the gradual development of inflexible and
distorted personality and behavioral patterns
•Three clusters of personality disorders in DSM-5:
•Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
•Cluster B: histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders
•Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
3. •Three clusters of personality disorders in DSM-5:: •Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, and
schizotypal personality disorders
•Cluster B: histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders
•Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
4. Cluster A:: paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
5. Cluster B:: histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders
6. Cluster C:: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
7. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders (3 of 3): •Category and cluster designations have
substantial limitations; too many overlapping features across both categories and clusters
•Several epidemiological studies have assessed the prevalence of personality disorders:
•Approximately 1 person in 10 has a diagnosable personality disorder of some kind.
•Cluster C disorders are most common, with a prevalence of around 7 percent.
•Personality disorders are often found together with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance use problems, and
sexual difficulties and disorders.
8. Challenges in Personality Disorders Research (1 of 3)
Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders: Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disor-
ders
, Chapter 10: Personality Disorders PowerPoint
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htshkp
•Diagnostic criteria are not as sharply defined as they are for most other diagnostic categories
-Criteria defined by inferred traits or consistent patterns of behavior, rather than by more objective behavioral stan-
dards
•Diagnostic reliability and validity are still low despite the availability of semi-structured interviews and self-report
inventories
•No unified dimensional classification of personality disorders
•Focus on developing an approach that will integrate the many different existing approaches; the five-factor model
most influential
9. Challenges in Personality Disorders Research (2 of 3)
Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders: Difficulties in Studying the
Causes of Personality Disorders
•Not much is known about what causes the development of personality disorders
•High level of comorbidity among disorders
•Relatively little prospective research has been conducted
•Biological Factors: infants' temperament may predispose them to develop particular personality traits and disorders
10. Challenges in Personality Disorders Research (3 of 3): •Psychological Factors:
•Psychodynamic theories: an infant's getting excessive versus insufficient gratification of its impulses in the first few
years of life
•Learning-based: habit patterns and maladaptive cognitive styles
•May originate in disturbed parent-child attachment relationships
•Parental psychopathology and ineffective parenting practices also implicated
•Early emotional, physical, and sexual abuse may also be important factors
•Sociocultural Factors: social stressors, societal changes, and cultural values
11. Cluster A Personality Disorders (1 of 6): Paranoid Personality Disorder
•Individuals with this disorder:
-are suspicious, distrustful
-bear grudges
-refuse to forgive perceived insults and slights
-can display violent behaviors, rigidity, hypersensitivity, and argumentativeness
-are constantly "on guard" for attacks from others
•Prevalence is around 1 to 2 percent, with equal numbers of men and women being affected
