PUP 3002 Final Exam – Questions With
Thorough Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (149)
Define crime. Any violation of the law
How is crime seen as a Certain variables affect an individual's probability of
science? crime.
How much does crime Financial Cost: 200 billion a year (1990s)
cost us? Emotional Cost: Unmeasurable, but assumed high
Violent
White Collar/Corporate
What are the 5 types of
Organized
crimes?
Property
Drug
-Dependent Variable= Crime
1=Criminal; 0=Non-criminal
-Independent Variables (for an individual)
Which variables affect an
Wealth (-) (aka any value that is a negative)
individual's probability of
Education (-)
crime, what are their
Family (-)
values?
-Independent Variables (for a community)
Law enforcement (?)
Community with crime (+)
What are the two major FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
data sources that National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS)
measure crime?
, -Established in 1930. Data is voluntarily submitted to
it by about 17,000 local law enforcement agencies
What does the UCR do, -Measurement error: some agencies may interpret
what are its measurement the FBI's guidelines differently or not report certain
errors? crimes for political reasons
-Measurement error: many victims do not report
crime
-Managed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Established in 1972
-A large survey of randomly selected American
What does the NCVS do?
households regarding crime victimization.
-Generally, finds more crime than reported in the
UCR
Becker (1968) argued that crime is a function of:
-the punishment associated with being arrested and
What did Becker (1968) convicted
argue? -the probability of being arrested and convicted
-the return or benefit from crime, which is also
weighed
How does Prospect Incorporates human psychology into expected
Theory differ from typical utility theory; very similar
expected utility theory?
State the equation for Expected Utility (Crime) = Probability (Not Caught)
crime as a rational Utility of Not Caught + Probability(Caught) Utility
choice. Caught
Define expected utility Used by Becker to define the rationality behind
theory. criminal behavior; weighing the costs.
Crime is a function of 3 things:
What was Becker's 1. Probability of being caught
argument? 2. Benefit from the crime
3. Punishment associated with the arrest
, -People tend to commit crimes because they want
monetary value, prestige, etc.
-Personal costs are factored in.
-Variables
Define the variables of *Will committing a crime hurt one's self (Tell Tale
the utility of not being Heart; Crime and Punishment)
caught. *One's valuation of personal harm can be predicted
by several variables:
mental illness; empathy; morals
-Social Groupings: Is this simply part of my group
identity? Does helping the group make this okay?
Individuals who commit a crime experience three
Define the variables of types of costs:
the utility of being 1. Punishment by the state—fines, imprisonment
caught. (costs for getting 2. Social costs—mom yells at you, partner leaves you
caught) 3. Economic opportunity costs—what are you giving
up to commit these crimes
-For deterring crime, what is even more important
Define the variables of than actual punishment is a person's perception that
the probability of being they will be caught and convicted.
caught. *How many cops are in the area?
*Do I possess the skill set to get away with it?
Is there a pattern in the The expected probability of committing a crime are
probabilities of different from individual to individual, but TRENDS
committing crimes? are identifiable
-We must deter individuals from viewing crime as a
'rational choice.'
How do we deter crime -Strategies:
from happening? *Reduce the perceived benefits of crime
*Increase the probability of getting caught
*Increase the cost of crime
, Crime is often seen as a way to make money.
Individuals that have less opportunity to make
money through legal means have greater incentive
to resort to crime
When the economy is good, more (and better) jobs
are available.
When the economy increases, crime tends to
decrease
How do the perceived Remember, crime is more appealing to those who
benefits of crime relate earn less money
to the economy? As we know, education and wage rate tend to be
strongly related. Those with better education tend
to have jobs that make more money, decreasing
their rate of committing crime.
Those with more education, even when
unemployed, have a higher probability of getting a
good job in the future
They have less incentive to commit crime in fear of
screwing up their chances of unemployment
Crime can be affected by The known punishment, the probability of being
what three factors? caught, the benefit from the act.
**Education is one of the greatest deterrents.
Public education programs are those which
emphasize the negative effects of committing
crimes (at the rate of overemphasizing them). If
What are the steps to people perceive the costs of getting
increase the cost of caught/punished as higher, they will have less
crime via public incentive to commit crimes. Generally, spawn from
education? some major epidemic (ex. drug rates in the 1980's)
Examples: 'Just Say No'; 'DARE' ; 'MADD'
Efficacy of such groups is mixed. 'Just say no' and
'MADD' seem effective, original DARE wasn't, but
has been improved.
Define 'broken windows' When individuals perceive the probability of getting
with respect to the caught as high, they are less likely to commit crimes.
probability of getting
caught. What are the
solutions?
Thorough Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (149)
Define crime. Any violation of the law
How is crime seen as a Certain variables affect an individual's probability of
science? crime.
How much does crime Financial Cost: 200 billion a year (1990s)
cost us? Emotional Cost: Unmeasurable, but assumed high
Violent
White Collar/Corporate
What are the 5 types of
Organized
crimes?
Property
Drug
-Dependent Variable= Crime
1=Criminal; 0=Non-criminal
-Independent Variables (for an individual)
Which variables affect an
Wealth (-) (aka any value that is a negative)
individual's probability of
Education (-)
crime, what are their
Family (-)
values?
-Independent Variables (for a community)
Law enforcement (?)
Community with crime (+)
What are the two major FBI's Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
data sources that National Crime Victimization Surveys (NCVS)
measure crime?
, -Established in 1930. Data is voluntarily submitted to
it by about 17,000 local law enforcement agencies
What does the UCR do, -Measurement error: some agencies may interpret
what are its measurement the FBI's guidelines differently or not report certain
errors? crimes for political reasons
-Measurement error: many victims do not report
crime
-Managed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Established in 1972
-A large survey of randomly selected American
What does the NCVS do?
households regarding crime victimization.
-Generally, finds more crime than reported in the
UCR
Becker (1968) argued that crime is a function of:
-the punishment associated with being arrested and
What did Becker (1968) convicted
argue? -the probability of being arrested and convicted
-the return or benefit from crime, which is also
weighed
How does Prospect Incorporates human psychology into expected
Theory differ from typical utility theory; very similar
expected utility theory?
State the equation for Expected Utility (Crime) = Probability (Not Caught)
crime as a rational Utility of Not Caught + Probability(Caught) Utility
choice. Caught
Define expected utility Used by Becker to define the rationality behind
theory. criminal behavior; weighing the costs.
Crime is a function of 3 things:
What was Becker's 1. Probability of being caught
argument? 2. Benefit from the crime
3. Punishment associated with the arrest
, -People tend to commit crimes because they want
monetary value, prestige, etc.
-Personal costs are factored in.
-Variables
Define the variables of *Will committing a crime hurt one's self (Tell Tale
the utility of not being Heart; Crime and Punishment)
caught. *One's valuation of personal harm can be predicted
by several variables:
mental illness; empathy; morals
-Social Groupings: Is this simply part of my group
identity? Does helping the group make this okay?
Individuals who commit a crime experience three
Define the variables of types of costs:
the utility of being 1. Punishment by the state—fines, imprisonment
caught. (costs for getting 2. Social costs—mom yells at you, partner leaves you
caught) 3. Economic opportunity costs—what are you giving
up to commit these crimes
-For deterring crime, what is even more important
Define the variables of than actual punishment is a person's perception that
the probability of being they will be caught and convicted.
caught. *How many cops are in the area?
*Do I possess the skill set to get away with it?
Is there a pattern in the The expected probability of committing a crime are
probabilities of different from individual to individual, but TRENDS
committing crimes? are identifiable
-We must deter individuals from viewing crime as a
'rational choice.'
How do we deter crime -Strategies:
from happening? *Reduce the perceived benefits of crime
*Increase the probability of getting caught
*Increase the cost of crime
, Crime is often seen as a way to make money.
Individuals that have less opportunity to make
money through legal means have greater incentive
to resort to crime
When the economy is good, more (and better) jobs
are available.
When the economy increases, crime tends to
decrease
How do the perceived Remember, crime is more appealing to those who
benefits of crime relate earn less money
to the economy? As we know, education and wage rate tend to be
strongly related. Those with better education tend
to have jobs that make more money, decreasing
their rate of committing crime.
Those with more education, even when
unemployed, have a higher probability of getting a
good job in the future
They have less incentive to commit crime in fear of
screwing up their chances of unemployment
Crime can be affected by The known punishment, the probability of being
what three factors? caught, the benefit from the act.
**Education is one of the greatest deterrents.
Public education programs are those which
emphasize the negative effects of committing
crimes (at the rate of overemphasizing them). If
What are the steps to people perceive the costs of getting
increase the cost of caught/punished as higher, they will have less
crime via public incentive to commit crimes. Generally, spawn from
education? some major epidemic (ex. drug rates in the 1980's)
Examples: 'Just Say No'; 'DARE' ; 'MADD'
Efficacy of such groups is mixed. 'Just say no' and
'MADD' seem effective, original DARE wasn't, but
has been improved.
Define 'broken windows' When individuals perceive the probability of getting
with respect to the caught as high, they are less likely to commit crimes.
probability of getting
caught. What are the
solutions?
