CONS 127 Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser|Questions and Answers with complete solutions:University of British Columbia

Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Due Oct 17 at 1:50p.m. Points 65 Questions 36 Available Oct 17 at 12:30p.m. - Oct 17 at 1:50p.m. 1 hour and 20 minutes Time Limit None Requires Respondus LockDown Browser Instructions This quiz was locked Oct 17 at 1:50p.m.. Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 60 minutes 59.5 out of 65  Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 59.5 out of 65 Submitted Oct 17 at 1:30p.m. This attempt took 60 minutes.  Question 1 1 / 1 pts MODIS IceSat Landsat Worldview  This is the CONS 127 Midterm Exam. The exam will be held IN PERSON 12:30 - 1:50 PM, Thursday October 17th, 2024 You will have 80 minutes to complete the exam. There are 25 multiple choice worth 1 point each, 6 fill in the blank / matching questions worth 4 marks each, and 4 short answer questions worth 4 marks each. Good luck! Which of the following satellite programs has data available from the 1970s & 1980s? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space 1 / 1 pts DGPS uses a ground based reference system of known location to increase positional accuracy DGPS uses multiple GNSS constellations to increase positional accuracy DGPS uses trigonometry and trilateration to increase positional accuracy DGPS takes multiple points at the same location and averages them to increase positional accuracy  Question 3 1 / 1 pts Green & NIR Blue & red Only green Red & NIR  Question 4 1 / 1 pts Low-earth Close elliptical What differentiates differential GPS (DGPS) systems from GPS systems? In line 1, which bands are being reflected the most? The international space station is in which type of orbit? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space Geostationary  Question 5 1 / 1 pts The Karman Line Density of air molecules Distance above the surface of the Earth There is no true single definition, all of three of these other answers are possible  Question 6 1 / 1 pts 700-3000 nm > 30cm 1 – 400 nm 400 – 700 nm  Question 7 1 / 1 pts V2 rocket Skylab A balloon over Paris CORONA satellite mission  IncorrectQuestion 8 0 / 1 pts How do we define the beginning of space? What region of the spectrum includes the reflective (near/mid) infrared? What was the first platform used to acquire images from space? What portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is highlighted in this image? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space Ultraviolet Gamma rays Visible light  Question 9 1 / 1 pts A fraction of the distance from the equator to the pole A steel bar The height of a French horse A fraction of the speed of light  Question 10 1 / 1 pts Trilateration Triangulation Triundulation Trigonometry  What was the first definition of the meter based on? GPS determines your location using the mathematical principle of: 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space 1 / 1 pts Near infrared (NIR) and red Brown and green Thermal infrared (TIR) and NIR Thermal infrared (TIR) and red  Question 12 1 / 1 pts All other responses. GPS Galileo GLONASS  Question 13 1 / 1 pts MODIS TERRA AQUA Landsat 5  Question 14 1 / 1 pts Ephemeris Almanac PDOP Psuedo-random noise code  Question 15 1 / 1 pts Monitor weather Detect changes in forests Track urbanization Determine the volume of ice on polar ice sheets  Which wavelengths are used to calculate the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI)? Which of the following satellite systems is a GNSS Which of these is not a satellite? In modern GNSS receivers, what information must a receiver have before it can establish an accurate position? What were the first environmental earth observation systems designed to accomplish? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space 1 / 1 pts The distance between consecutive corresponding points(peaks) of the same wave The number of waves that pass a given point in 1 second The energy associated of one photon passing through a point in time The speed of light  Question 17 1 / 1 pts Microwave Near-infrared Ultra-violet Shortwave  Question 18 1 / 1 pts Larger scale maps show more detail over larger areas Larger scale maps show more detail over smaller areas Larger scale maps show less detail over larger areas Larger scale maps show less detail over smaller areas  Question 19 1 / 1 pts A theodolite The stars Landmarks Previously determined positions  Question 20 1 / 1 pts What is the correct definition of wavelength? What is the name for the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 0.1 cm to 30 cm? How would you describe a larger scale map? Which of the following would you need to acquire relative position using dead reckoning? Consider this graph of spectral signatures reflectance. Which wavelength size would be most useful for identifying soil? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space 975 1290 2025  Question 21 1 / 1 pts Water Content Palisade Parenchyma Spongy Mesophyll The leaf's mood on that particular day  Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which factor of a leaf dictates its spectral signature in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum? In this projection type, which map element is being DISTORTED? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space Direction Area Shape  Question 23 1 / 1 pts A) Remains over the same position on the Earth’s surface B) Goes over the poles C) Can change orbit depending on the engine power D) Crosses the Equator from north to south at approximately the same local time each day A & D A geostationary orbit: 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space Question 24 1 / 1 pts Photons travel faster than the speed of light Photons are the fundamental unit of radiation The speed of photons is related to wavelength and frequency The sun emits photons  Question 25 1 / 1 pts Circle connecting all locations with a given latitude Circle connecting all locations with a given longitude Angle that describes the north-south position. Angle that describes the east- west position.  Question 26 4 / 4 pts Answer 1: absorbed Answer 2: reflected Answer 3: transmitted Answer 4: reflected photons  PartialQuestion 27 4 / 4 pts Answer 1: geodietic point Answer 2: triangulation Which of the following statements about photons is false? What is the correct definition of a parallel (in regards to maps)? When a photon encounters a surface, it may be absorbed , reflected , or transmitted . Of these 3 interactions, a camera records reflected photons . A permanent marker on the ground of known coordinates is called a geodietic point . Triangulation is the methodology / approach used to map a network of these objects. 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space Question 28 4 / 4 pts Space stations Low earth orbit Weather satellites Geostationary orbits GNSS Far elliptical orbit Earth observation satellites Close elliptical orbit  Question 29 4 / 4 pts Answer 1: low high Answer 2: low high Answer 3: high low  Match the satellite type with it's orbit: Describe the spectral signature of healthy vegetation as low or high (the same answer can be given more than once). Overall, reflectance in the visible blue part of the spectrum is [ Select ] , reflectance in the visible red part of the spectrum is [ Select ] , while reflectance in the near-infrared part of the spectrum is [ Select ] . 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space 4 / 4 pts Answer 1: landmarks Answer 2: coordinates  Question 31 2 / 2 pts Answer 1: A) He was the first Canadian commander of the ISS B) He installed Canadarm-2 on the ISS C) He was the first Canadian to do a space-walk All other responses A and C Answer 2: A) She was Canada's first female astronaut B) She was the first neuroscientist in space C) Her research focused on plant sciences and the effect of microgravity on plant growth A and B All other responses  PartialQuestion 32 1 / 2 pts Relative position uses landmarks to describe position while absolute position uses coordinates to describe position. During class, we discuss a few influential Canadian astronauts. Match them with their contributions to Canada's space programs. Chris Hadfield All other responses Roberta Bondar A and B During class, we discuss a few influential Canadian inventions. Match the invention with it's most accurate description. Canadarm-2 A robotic arm mounted on the International Space Station RadarSAT Is a single optical satellite 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space A robotic arm mounted on the International Space Station Helps construct new satellites in orbit Gives astronauts a speed boost when they do space walks A robotic arm mounted on NASA's space shuttles Answer 2: Is a mission of radar satellites capable of monitoring in any weather RadarSAT was designed to detect stealth aircraft Is a single optical satellite Is two parralel lidar sensors  Question 33 3 / 4 pts Your Answer:  Question 34 4 / 4 pts Your Answer:  Question 35 2.5 / 4 pts (a) What are the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? (b) Where are the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? (c) How do the tropics relate to the position of the sun above the horizon? The tropic of Cancer and Capricorn are latitudes where the sun can be directly overhead. They are at 23.5 degrees North and 23.5 degrees South respectively (a) What does GNSS stand for? (b) How does it differ from GPS? (c) How many satellites do you need for an accurate (and verified) position? (d) What are the names of the two files that are normally downloaded before your position is calculated? GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Global Positioning System is a specifc GNSS system aand GNSS is the over arching term that encompasses all satellite constellations used for navigation. You need at least 4 different satellites to get a verified and accurate location. The two files that are normally downloaded before your position is calculated are the ephemeris and the almanac. (a) What was the Mercator projection originally designed for? 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space  Question 36 3 / 4 pts Your Answer: (b) As a result, what map feature does the Mercator projection preserve? (c) What map features does the Mercator projection distort? (d) From what we discussed in class, explain the two main ways the use of the Mercator projection has historically perpetuated eurocentrism? The Mercator was originally designed to help sea navigation easier by preserving the angles. However, this distorted the area of countries and the distance. The first way that curocentrism has been promoted is that the prime meridian makes Europe the center of the map despite being able to choose any point as the prime meridian. The second way is that because the Mercator map significantly distorts areas and it becomes more severe as areas to the poles. This made areas in the northern region appear bigger than they should relative to areas near the equator. Since the areas are larger, it gives the idea that those places are more important than those near the equator causing a eurocentric attitude. From discussions in class: (a) Why is space junk a problem? (b) Name one method that engineers have developed to remove existing space junk, and describe in detail how it works. (c) Name one way engineers may design future satellites to prevent them from becoming space junk, and describe in detail how it would work. There are two reasons why space junk is a problem; number one is that it makes launching new satellites harder as they can get hit by redudant satellites or other junk. The second risk is that it makes space exploration more dangerous as the risk of being hit by debris/space junk increases. This growth is also exponential due to the Kessler effect where junk hitting other things create more junk. Engineers have developed two different methods to remove exisiting space junk but uses the same idea. The first method seems the most fun to me as it actively launches a harpoon from a satellite that was launched for this purpose. The harpoon from the satellite would then pierce the space junk where it would either reel it in causing the satellite to be dragged down into the Earth's atmosphere, or individual small thrusters on each harpoon forces the space junk into the atmosphere. The atmosphere would then incernate the space junk as it re-enters which is the key point of how removing space junk works. To prevent future satllites to becoming future space junk, engineers have made it so that satellites can deploy an inflatble boom upon their mission completition. This boom will create a ton of drag on the satellite causing it to fall towards the Earth where it will burn up when reentering the atmosphere. 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space 11/25/24, 5:33 PM Midterm Exam W1 2024- Requires Respondus LockDown Browser: CONS_V W1 Observing the Earth from Space