National Psychology Exam Questions
and Answers | Latest Version |
2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
Which psychological principle explains why people are influenced by the opinions of others in
ambiguous situations?
✔✔Informational social influence
How does the amygdala contribute to emotional learning?
✔✔It helps associate stimuli with emotional responses, particularly fear.
Which type of reinforcement is used to gradually shape complex behaviors?
✔✔Shaping
What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference in memory?
✔✔Proactive interference occurs when old information disrupts new learning, while retroactive
interference occurs when new information disrupts old memories.
Which type of intelligence emphasizes problem-solving and reasoning?
1
,✔✔Fluid intelligence
How does the availability heuristic influence decision-making?
✔✔People estimate the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the main feature of borderline personality disorder?
✔✔Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.
Which psychological concept explains why people may perform differently when observed?
✔✔Hawthorne effect
How does classical conditioning contribute to taste aversion?
✔✔A neutral flavor becomes associated with nausea or illness, leading to avoidance.
Which part of the brain is most associated with speech production?
✔✔Broca’s area
What is the main idea of Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
2
,✔✔Individuals pass through eight stages, each characterized by a psychosocial conflict.
How does learned optimism affect mental health?
✔✔It helps individuals view challenges positively, reducing stress and improving resilience.
Which type of memory is most affected in Alzheimer’s disease?
✔✔Episodic memory
How does the spotlight effect influence social behavior?
✔✔People overestimate the degree to which others notice their actions.
Which psychological principle explains the diffusion of responsibility in groups?
✔✔Bystander effect
What is the main difference between acute stress and chronic stress?
✔✔Acute stress is short-term and often adaptive, while chronic stress is long-term and harmful.
Which brain region is critical for regulating circadian rhythms?
3
, ✔✔Suprachiasmatic nucleus
How does reinforcement differ from punishment in shaping behavior?
✔✔Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Which disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest?
✔✔Major depressive disorder
How does cognitive restructuring help in therapy?
✔✔It helps individuals identify and change distorted thinking patterns.
Which principle explains why people remember emotionally charged events better?
✔✔Arousal theory of memory
Which type of learning occurs without external reinforcement but is demonstrated later?
✔✔Latent learning
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with mood regulation and depression?
4
and Answers | Latest Version |
2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
Which psychological principle explains why people are influenced by the opinions of others in
ambiguous situations?
✔✔Informational social influence
How does the amygdala contribute to emotional learning?
✔✔It helps associate stimuli with emotional responses, particularly fear.
Which type of reinforcement is used to gradually shape complex behaviors?
✔✔Shaping
What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference in memory?
✔✔Proactive interference occurs when old information disrupts new learning, while retroactive
interference occurs when new information disrupts old memories.
Which type of intelligence emphasizes problem-solving and reasoning?
1
,✔✔Fluid intelligence
How does the availability heuristic influence decision-making?
✔✔People estimate the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the main feature of borderline personality disorder?
✔✔Instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.
Which psychological concept explains why people may perform differently when observed?
✔✔Hawthorne effect
How does classical conditioning contribute to taste aversion?
✔✔A neutral flavor becomes associated with nausea or illness, leading to avoidance.
Which part of the brain is most associated with speech production?
✔✔Broca’s area
What is the main idea of Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
2
,✔✔Individuals pass through eight stages, each characterized by a psychosocial conflict.
How does learned optimism affect mental health?
✔✔It helps individuals view challenges positively, reducing stress and improving resilience.
Which type of memory is most affected in Alzheimer’s disease?
✔✔Episodic memory
How does the spotlight effect influence social behavior?
✔✔People overestimate the degree to which others notice their actions.
Which psychological principle explains the diffusion of responsibility in groups?
✔✔Bystander effect
What is the main difference between acute stress and chronic stress?
✔✔Acute stress is short-term and often adaptive, while chronic stress is long-term and harmful.
Which brain region is critical for regulating circadian rhythms?
3
, ✔✔Suprachiasmatic nucleus
How does reinforcement differ from punishment in shaping behavior?
✔✔Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Which disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest?
✔✔Major depressive disorder
How does cognitive restructuring help in therapy?
✔✔It helps individuals identify and change distorted thinking patterns.
Which principle explains why people remember emotionally charged events better?
✔✔Arousal theory of memory
Which type of learning occurs without external reinforcement but is demonstrated later?
✔✔Latent learning
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with mood regulation and depression?
4
