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The Synergistic Effect of Dual Conditioning on Long-Term Exercise Adherence: A Multiple Baseline Study

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Research Problem and Objectives Problem: Existing research primarily focuses on short-term habit changes, lacks real-world applicability, and rarely examines the combined effect of conditioning strategies on exercise maintenance, Question: What is the impact of a combined conditioned suppression (reducing discomfort) and higher-order conditioning (linking exercise to rewards) intervention on long-term exercise adherence rates and duration among adults? Objectives: To achieve 80% weekly adherence and to extend exercise duration by 30% over a 12-week period. Methodology and Intervention Design: A multiple baseline across participants design is used to demonstrate experimental control and assess individual response patterns in a real-world setting. Participants: The study targets 10 adult participants (5 male, 5 female) aged 25–45 who are sedentary or inconsistently active (<2 times/week) but motivated to improve. The sampling method is purposive, focusing on individuals in the "intention-behavior gap"

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October 14, 2025
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Literature Review Improving Exercise to Enhance Lives Using Conditioned Suppression

and Higher-Order Conditioning Theories

Your Name

Due Date of Assignment

,Literature Review

1. Compile a summary of what has been written about your topic of study.

1. Summarize the existing literature related to your research topic

Main Findings of Existing Research

According to this study, linking exercise with pleasant things such as music or meeting friends,

can help make people more consistent with their workouts (Ballmann, 2021). According to

another study, creating associations between working out and benefits for the body over time can

greatly improve people’s workout habits (Dhuli et al., 2022). Also, conditioned suppression

methods like distractions (so people notice exertion less) have been shown to lift the limits on

how much one can exercise (Lee et al., 2019).

The Most Relevant Theory

My subject was most influenced by higher-order conditioning because it links both short-

term and long-term gains to exercise (Honey & Dwyer, 2022). Neurological research also shows

that conditioned suppression helps control the unpleasant sensations we feel because of physical

exertion which helps people get through their workouts (Baer et al., 2019).

Theory-Informed Interventions

Using higher-order conditioning, we can boost a person’s chance of training regularly by

connecting exercise with getting feedback from others and meeting personal goals (Rodrigues &

Teixeira, 2023). Consequently, distracting someone with virtual reality during a workout can

often overcome a fear of exercising (Michaelsen & Esch, 2023).

2. Find out what is missing from the current scientific knowledge.

Most studies address how people change their habits temporarily rather than look at how

long those changes might last (Rodrigues & Teixeira, 2023). Few studies have looked at how

, things like an individual’s personality or how much they are motivated at the start of learning can

impact how well conditioning works for them (Honey & Dwyer, 2022). Many experiments in

this area are done in laboratories, rather than in normal daily life (Michaelsen & Esch, 2023). So

far, research on how these two theories work together is scarce, making it unclear how effective

they would be combined (Lee et al., 2019). The study looks at using adapted exercise plans to

improve participation and, therefore, will help fill these gaps by researching long-term adherence

and how people differ in future work. By seeing that tailored reinforcement and mixing instant

results with positive long-term health images support regular training, this research will show

how lab findings can be put into action. Moreover, studying how conditioned suppression (to

reduce discomfort) works together with higher-order conditioning which increases motivation,

will offer a more complete system for working with exercise.

3. Explain why your research is worth doing

It matters because this research works to solve the important public issue of not

exercising regularly and finds ways to support keeping up with exercise in the long run. While

studies have considered conditioning separately, the current study brings together conditioned

suppression and higher-order conditioning to develop a stronger and lasting exercise motivation

approach (Ballmann, 2021; Weldon et al., 2020). From this study, we can help design fitness

programs that suit a person's needs, can be used by many and help keep people committed and

healthy. It explains how combinations of learning mechanisms help form health behaviors,

providing novel ideas for applied behavioral researchers (Rodrigues & Teixeira, 2023;

Michaelsen & Esch, 2023). It adds to existing research by testing how all of these theories affect

people’s choices in actual settings and by exploring how differently people respond to the
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