Words
Case study: observation
Naturalistic observation:
na
Pons, between the cerebellum and other parts and plays role in sleep
Cerebellum is responsible for implicit memory
Partial lobe: sensory information, Concepts
Connections
Examples
Unit 0
Psychodynamic - repressed dream, free association. Used to explore deep seated issues and
early childhood experiences
Behavior Approach - Observable behaviors Skinner
Sociocultural: Experiences of people's experiences in life
Humanistic: Carl Rogers - free will and self actualization
Cognitive: beliefs and processes
Cultural norms: shared rules and guidelines
Confirmation bias: when you seek out biases that agree with your world view
0.2
Case study: examination of group, problem is hawthorn effect observation of behavior
Correlational study: determines strength of relationship of variables
Naturalistic study: natural observation, might not explain underlying factors
,Convenience study: picking resultants based on availability
Quasi experiment: experiment without random assignment
Single blind: when participants don't know which group they are in
Likert scale: range of scores
Informed consent
Informed assent
Ethical study: no lies, debriefing at study
0.3
Descriptive studies: organization of data
Inferential statistics: predictions of data
Unit 1 Biological Bases and Behavior
1.1 Heredity and Environment
❖ -Nature - Describes genetic causes
❖ -Nurture -Everything else, including where one is raised
❖ Both Nature and Nature are causes of psychological behavior
❖ Epigenetics - How the environment can interact with our genetics
❖ interactionist , how nature and nurture interact
❖ Twin Studies can clarify whether nature or nurture are limiting factors
❖ Jim Twins, despite both being separated they shared lots of characteristics, such
as occupation, marrying women with the same name ETC.
❖ Herability: Amount of variation attributable to genetic factors
,1.2 Overview of Nervous System
● Nervous System
● Central Nervous System - Includes Brain and Spinal Cord
● Peripheral Nervous System - Everything in the nervous system outside of the
CNS
○ Somatic Nervous System - Part of Nervous System which controls
voluntary actions
○ Autonomic Nervous System - Part of Nervous system which controls
involuntary actions
■ Para Sympathetic System - Part of the nervous system which
reduces activity - Rest and Digest
■ Sympathetic System - Part of nervous system which increases
activity - Fight or Flight
1.3 The Neuron and Neuron Firing
● Myths - people are right brained or left brained, you can't grow new neurons
● Gilal Cells - help support neurons, receive and send information to others and to
and from other neurons. MORE THAN NEURONS
● Neurons - Basic unit of Nervous System, Receive and carry information
○ Sensory Neurons -Helps sense external stimuli, respond to non chemical
stimuli Afferent Neurons
, ○ Interneurons - Helps transmit information from sensory to motor neurons
○
○ Motorneurons - Helps move muscles Efferent Neurons
○ Dendrites: Handle coming information
○ Axons: Sends information
○ Soma: Body of neuron
● Myelin Stealth: - Protective Layer which protects neurons,by Insulating the axon
and increasing transmission of nerve impulses
● Synaptic Gap: Between each neuron, also where neurotransmitters are
● DSATs, Denrite, Soma, Axon Terminal button, Synapse(Very small)
● Neurons fire when there is shift in electrical energy, causing an action potential
● When it reaches terminal buttons, neurotransmitters are released to synapse
● Some Neurotransmitters are excitary, some are inhibitory
● Resting Potential when a neuron is resting(negative voltage)
● All or None Law A neuron either fire or it doesn't, with same intensity each time
● Action Potential: An electric impulse travels down axon, creating a positive
charge
● Refractory Period Time where a neuron cannot fire again
● Reuptake When neuron collects neurotransmitters
● Synaptic Vesicles: Release neurotransmitters
● Neurotransmitters - Chemical messengers in nervous System, impacting
behavior
Case study: observation
Naturalistic observation:
na
Pons, between the cerebellum and other parts and plays role in sleep
Cerebellum is responsible for implicit memory
Partial lobe: sensory information, Concepts
Connections
Examples
Unit 0
Psychodynamic - repressed dream, free association. Used to explore deep seated issues and
early childhood experiences
Behavior Approach - Observable behaviors Skinner
Sociocultural: Experiences of people's experiences in life
Humanistic: Carl Rogers - free will and self actualization
Cognitive: beliefs and processes
Cultural norms: shared rules and guidelines
Confirmation bias: when you seek out biases that agree with your world view
0.2
Case study: examination of group, problem is hawthorn effect observation of behavior
Correlational study: determines strength of relationship of variables
Naturalistic study: natural observation, might not explain underlying factors
,Convenience study: picking resultants based on availability
Quasi experiment: experiment without random assignment
Single blind: when participants don't know which group they are in
Likert scale: range of scores
Informed consent
Informed assent
Ethical study: no lies, debriefing at study
0.3
Descriptive studies: organization of data
Inferential statistics: predictions of data
Unit 1 Biological Bases and Behavior
1.1 Heredity and Environment
❖ -Nature - Describes genetic causes
❖ -Nurture -Everything else, including where one is raised
❖ Both Nature and Nature are causes of psychological behavior
❖ Epigenetics - How the environment can interact with our genetics
❖ interactionist , how nature and nurture interact
❖ Twin Studies can clarify whether nature or nurture are limiting factors
❖ Jim Twins, despite both being separated they shared lots of characteristics, such
as occupation, marrying women with the same name ETC.
❖ Herability: Amount of variation attributable to genetic factors
,1.2 Overview of Nervous System
● Nervous System
● Central Nervous System - Includes Brain and Spinal Cord
● Peripheral Nervous System - Everything in the nervous system outside of the
CNS
○ Somatic Nervous System - Part of Nervous System which controls
voluntary actions
○ Autonomic Nervous System - Part of Nervous system which controls
involuntary actions
■ Para Sympathetic System - Part of the nervous system which
reduces activity - Rest and Digest
■ Sympathetic System - Part of nervous system which increases
activity - Fight or Flight
1.3 The Neuron and Neuron Firing
● Myths - people are right brained or left brained, you can't grow new neurons
● Gilal Cells - help support neurons, receive and send information to others and to
and from other neurons. MORE THAN NEURONS
● Neurons - Basic unit of Nervous System, Receive and carry information
○ Sensory Neurons -Helps sense external stimuli, respond to non chemical
stimuli Afferent Neurons
, ○ Interneurons - Helps transmit information from sensory to motor neurons
○
○ Motorneurons - Helps move muscles Efferent Neurons
○ Dendrites: Handle coming information
○ Axons: Sends information
○ Soma: Body of neuron
● Myelin Stealth: - Protective Layer which protects neurons,by Insulating the axon
and increasing transmission of nerve impulses
● Synaptic Gap: Between each neuron, also where neurotransmitters are
● DSATs, Denrite, Soma, Axon Terminal button, Synapse(Very small)
● Neurons fire when there is shift in electrical energy, causing an action potential
● When it reaches terminal buttons, neurotransmitters are released to synapse
● Some Neurotransmitters are excitary, some are inhibitory
● Resting Potential when a neuron is resting(negative voltage)
● All or None Law A neuron either fire or it doesn't, with same intensity each time
● Action Potential: An electric impulse travels down axon, creating a positive
charge
● Refractory Period Time where a neuron cannot fire again
● Reuptake When neuron collects neurotransmitters
● Synaptic Vesicles: Release neurotransmitters
● Neurotransmitters - Chemical messengers in nervous System, impacting
behavior
