NRS 3025: Care of Patients with Gastrointestinal
Disorders (Questions With Expert-Certified
Answers)
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Terms in this set (169)
Supplemental or total nutrition administered via NG
What is tube feeding?
tube, PEG/PEG tube
• Poor swallowing
What are the indications
• Nutritional deficiencies NOT related to
for tube feeding?
absorption/diarrhea
• Relatively inexpensive
What are the advantages • Managed by patients and families at home
of tube feeding? • Can be done continuous or intermittent
• Various options are available
• Risk for aspiration (pneumonia) DO NOT LIE FLAT
What are the
• Risk for diarrhea
disadvantages of tube
• Challenges with glucose control in patients
feeding?
diabetes
What is total parenteral Supplemental (PPN) or total nutrition administered
nutrition (TPN)? via IV access — infused with lipids
Patients with poor absorption and/or diarrhea or
What are the indications
who cannot otherwise tolerate food in the GI
for TPN?
system
What are the advantages • Bypasses the GI system
of TPN? • Can be fully customized
, • Requires central IV access
• Risk for infection — try not to do it unless you
What are the
REALLY have to
disadvantages of TPN?
• Challenges w/ glucose control
• Cost
Upward flow of gastric contents through the lower
What is GERD? esophageal sphincter (LES) causing chronic irritation
to esophageal lining
What is reflux Severe, acute symptoms of reflux
esophagitis?
• Obesity
• Hiatal hernias
What causes/triggers • Smoking
GERD? • ETOH
• Supine position
• Triggering foods
• Caffeine
What foods trigger • Chocolate
GERD? • Citrus fruits and tomatoes
• Large meals/high fat meals
• May be asymptomatic
• Dyspepsia and regurgitation
• Atypical chest pain, epigastric pain
What are clinical
• Belching, flatulence, bloating
manifestations of GERD?
• Coughing, hoarseness, feeling something in the
back of the throat
• Dysphagia and odynophagia in more severe cases
• Barrett's esophagus or esophageal strictures
What are complications
• Aspiration pneumonia and asthma
of GERD?
• Cardiac and dental issues
• Chronic irritation from acid that leads to new tissue
What is Barrett's
in the esophagus
esophagus?
• PRE-CANCEROUS!
, • History, including review of symptoms + dietary
information
What is included in the
DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS
Dx of GERD?
• Barium swallow
• Upper endoscopy
• pH monitoring
• Weight loss
What is included in the • Sleeping with head elevated
nonpharmacological • Smoking + ETOH cessation
management of GERD?
DIETARY MODIFICATIONS
What is included in the • Chewable antacids
pharmacologic • Histamine receptor antagonists
management of GERD? • Proton pump inhibitors
• Used for temporary relief
Describe chewable
• calcium carbonate (Tums)
antacids.
• aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide
• Reduce acid
Describe histamine • famotidine
receptor antagonists. • cimetidine
• ranitidine
• Reduces acid and heals tissue
Describe proton pump
• omeprazole
inhibitors (PPIs).
• pantoprazole
• GERD
• Barrett's esophagus
What are risk factors for
• Smoking
esophageal cancer?
• ETOH
• Chronic exposure to hot liquids
• Sx start vague + minor
• Dysphagia
What are manifestations
• Gradual fullness in the throat or substernal area
of esophageal cancer?
• Regurgitation, hiccups, + halitosis
• Weight loss + constitutional Sx
Disorders (Questions With Expert-Certified
Answers)
Save
Terms in this set (169)
Supplemental or total nutrition administered via NG
What is tube feeding?
tube, PEG/PEG tube
• Poor swallowing
What are the indications
• Nutritional deficiencies NOT related to
for tube feeding?
absorption/diarrhea
• Relatively inexpensive
What are the advantages • Managed by patients and families at home
of tube feeding? • Can be done continuous or intermittent
• Various options are available
• Risk for aspiration (pneumonia) DO NOT LIE FLAT
What are the
• Risk for diarrhea
disadvantages of tube
• Challenges with glucose control in patients
feeding?
diabetes
What is total parenteral Supplemental (PPN) or total nutrition administered
nutrition (TPN)? via IV access — infused with lipids
Patients with poor absorption and/or diarrhea or
What are the indications
who cannot otherwise tolerate food in the GI
for TPN?
system
What are the advantages • Bypasses the GI system
of TPN? • Can be fully customized
, • Requires central IV access
• Risk for infection — try not to do it unless you
What are the
REALLY have to
disadvantages of TPN?
• Challenges w/ glucose control
• Cost
Upward flow of gastric contents through the lower
What is GERD? esophageal sphincter (LES) causing chronic irritation
to esophageal lining
What is reflux Severe, acute symptoms of reflux
esophagitis?
• Obesity
• Hiatal hernias
What causes/triggers • Smoking
GERD? • ETOH
• Supine position
• Triggering foods
• Caffeine
What foods trigger • Chocolate
GERD? • Citrus fruits and tomatoes
• Large meals/high fat meals
• May be asymptomatic
• Dyspepsia and regurgitation
• Atypical chest pain, epigastric pain
What are clinical
• Belching, flatulence, bloating
manifestations of GERD?
• Coughing, hoarseness, feeling something in the
back of the throat
• Dysphagia and odynophagia in more severe cases
• Barrett's esophagus or esophageal strictures
What are complications
• Aspiration pneumonia and asthma
of GERD?
• Cardiac and dental issues
• Chronic irritation from acid that leads to new tissue
What is Barrett's
in the esophagus
esophagus?
• PRE-CANCEROUS!
, • History, including review of symptoms + dietary
information
What is included in the
DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS
Dx of GERD?
• Barium swallow
• Upper endoscopy
• pH monitoring
• Weight loss
What is included in the • Sleeping with head elevated
nonpharmacological • Smoking + ETOH cessation
management of GERD?
DIETARY MODIFICATIONS
What is included in the • Chewable antacids
pharmacologic • Histamine receptor antagonists
management of GERD? • Proton pump inhibitors
• Used for temporary relief
Describe chewable
• calcium carbonate (Tums)
antacids.
• aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide
• Reduce acid
Describe histamine • famotidine
receptor antagonists. • cimetidine
• ranitidine
• Reduces acid and heals tissue
Describe proton pump
• omeprazole
inhibitors (PPIs).
• pantoprazole
• GERD
• Barrett's esophagus
What are risk factors for
• Smoking
esophageal cancer?
• ETOH
• Chronic exposure to hot liquids
• Sx start vague + minor
• Dysphagia
What are manifestations
• Gradual fullness in the throat or substernal area
of esophageal cancer?
• Regurgitation, hiccups, + halitosis
• Weight loss + constitutional Sx
