AP Psychology National Exam – Questions With
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Terms in this set (729)
The idea that what we know comes from experience,
and that observation and experimentation enable
Empiricism scientific knowledge
-Led to modern day Behaviorism
-NURTURE-
Method of "introspection" (looking inward) for
answers to reveal structure of the mind
-Results varied due to experiences and the practice
Structuralism eventually died down
-What would the strengths and weaknesses of
introspection be?
-Looking for elements of conscious experience
Explored how mental and behavioral processes
Functionalism function - how they enable the organism to adapt,
survive, and flourish.
The study of behavior and thinking using the
Experimental Psychology experimental method
-Founded by Titchener
, During this time period (early 1900's), people started
to ignore feelings inside, all that mattered was how
you acted.
- If you could change your behavior, who cares how
Behaviorism you feel
-Says that psychology should be an objective science
that studies behavior with reference to mental
processes
-NURTURE-
Emphasize unique qualities of humans - especially
freedom and potential for personal growth.
Humanistic Psychology -Takes an optimistic view of human nature
Leaders: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
-Focus on healthy growth potential and free will
Study of brain activity linked with cognition
(perception, thinking, memory, and language)
-According to this view, our actions are direct results
Cognitive Neuroscience
of the way we process info from our environment
*Modern: believe that our most basic language skills
are programmed into our brains from birth
Science of behavior and mental processes
-Behavior: anything an organism does
Psychology -Mental process: the mental, subjective experiences
we infer from behavior (dreams, thoughts,
feelings...etc)
~Teacher of Plato~
Believed: knowledge is innate (born within us)
Socrates Mind is separable from body and continues after the
body dies
-NATURE-
, ~Student of Socrates~
~Teacher of Aristotle~
Believed: knowledge is innate (born within us)
Plato
Mind is separable from body and continues after the
body dies
-NATURE-
~Student of Plato~
Believed: knowledge is not preexisting but grows
from the experiences stored in our memories
Aristotle
-He learned from careful observation because unlike
his teacher, he loved data
-NURTURE-
~Agreed with Socrates and Plato~
He dissected animals concluding that human
Rene Descartes sensations and behaviors were based on activity in
the nervous system.
-NATURE-
One of the founders of modern science
Francis Bacon -Early theory on superstition which was based on our
memories that confirm our beliefs
Argued that the mind at birth is a ¨Blank state¨
John Locke -Tabula Rosa-
-NURTURE-
First to declare himself a psychologist
-Considered the founder/father of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt laboratory research
-Created the first formal lab for psychology
-Believed in Structuralism
~Studied under Wundt~
First APA president
G. Stanley Hall
Established first research lab
Created first American journal
, Brought introspection to America which was used by
structuralists to focus on people´s inner sensations
Edward Titchener
and mental images
-Introduced structuralism
He believed that psychology should look at function
and not just structure
-Developed Functionalism
As a functionalist, he encouraged the exploration of
William James
emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-
to-moment consciousness
-He wanted to see how people functioned in
everyday life
Student who studied under James
-Was refused the Ph.D she earned from Harvard
Mary Whiton Calkins because she is a female
-Founded many labs at Wellesley College
First APA woman president
First Ph.D in psychology for women (from Harvard)
-Wrote ¨The Animal Mind¨
Margret Floy Washburn
-Served as beginning of behaviorism
-Second woman APA president
-Founded Behaviorism-
Rejected introspection (revealing inner thoughts)
John B. Watson
Redefined psychology as ¨The scientific study of
observable behavior.¨
Rejected introspection (revealing inner thoughts)
Redefined psychology as ¨The scientific study of
B. F. Skinner
observable behavior.¨
-Studied how consequences effect behavior
-Freudian Psychology-
Emphasized the ways our unconscious thought
Sigmund Freud
process and emotional responses to childhood
experiences affect our behavior
Correct Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (729)
The idea that what we know comes from experience,
and that observation and experimentation enable
Empiricism scientific knowledge
-Led to modern day Behaviorism
-NURTURE-
Method of "introspection" (looking inward) for
answers to reveal structure of the mind
-Results varied due to experiences and the practice
Structuralism eventually died down
-What would the strengths and weaknesses of
introspection be?
-Looking for elements of conscious experience
Explored how mental and behavioral processes
Functionalism function - how they enable the organism to adapt,
survive, and flourish.
The study of behavior and thinking using the
Experimental Psychology experimental method
-Founded by Titchener
, During this time period (early 1900's), people started
to ignore feelings inside, all that mattered was how
you acted.
- If you could change your behavior, who cares how
Behaviorism you feel
-Says that psychology should be an objective science
that studies behavior with reference to mental
processes
-NURTURE-
Emphasize unique qualities of humans - especially
freedom and potential for personal growth.
Humanistic Psychology -Takes an optimistic view of human nature
Leaders: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
-Focus on healthy growth potential and free will
Study of brain activity linked with cognition
(perception, thinking, memory, and language)
-According to this view, our actions are direct results
Cognitive Neuroscience
of the way we process info from our environment
*Modern: believe that our most basic language skills
are programmed into our brains from birth
Science of behavior and mental processes
-Behavior: anything an organism does
Psychology -Mental process: the mental, subjective experiences
we infer from behavior (dreams, thoughts,
feelings...etc)
~Teacher of Plato~
Believed: knowledge is innate (born within us)
Socrates Mind is separable from body and continues after the
body dies
-NATURE-
, ~Student of Socrates~
~Teacher of Aristotle~
Believed: knowledge is innate (born within us)
Plato
Mind is separable from body and continues after the
body dies
-NATURE-
~Student of Plato~
Believed: knowledge is not preexisting but grows
from the experiences stored in our memories
Aristotle
-He learned from careful observation because unlike
his teacher, he loved data
-NURTURE-
~Agreed with Socrates and Plato~
He dissected animals concluding that human
Rene Descartes sensations and behaviors were based on activity in
the nervous system.
-NATURE-
One of the founders of modern science
Francis Bacon -Early theory on superstition which was based on our
memories that confirm our beliefs
Argued that the mind at birth is a ¨Blank state¨
John Locke -Tabula Rosa-
-NURTURE-
First to declare himself a psychologist
-Considered the founder/father of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt laboratory research
-Created the first formal lab for psychology
-Believed in Structuralism
~Studied under Wundt~
First APA president
G. Stanley Hall
Established first research lab
Created first American journal
, Brought introspection to America which was used by
structuralists to focus on people´s inner sensations
Edward Titchener
and mental images
-Introduced structuralism
He believed that psychology should look at function
and not just structure
-Developed Functionalism
As a functionalist, he encouraged the exploration of
William James
emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-
to-moment consciousness
-He wanted to see how people functioned in
everyday life
Student who studied under James
-Was refused the Ph.D she earned from Harvard
Mary Whiton Calkins because she is a female
-Founded many labs at Wellesley College
First APA woman president
First Ph.D in psychology for women (from Harvard)
-Wrote ¨The Animal Mind¨
Margret Floy Washburn
-Served as beginning of behaviorism
-Second woman APA president
-Founded Behaviorism-
Rejected introspection (revealing inner thoughts)
John B. Watson
Redefined psychology as ¨The scientific study of
observable behavior.¨
Rejected introspection (revealing inner thoughts)
Redefined psychology as ¨The scientific study of
B. F. Skinner
observable behavior.¨
-Studied how consequences effect behavior
-Freudian Psychology-
Emphasized the ways our unconscious thought
Sigmund Freud
process and emotional responses to childhood
experiences affect our behavior
