TEST BANK
CURRENT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT 65TH EDITION
By Maxine Papadakis
,Chapter 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
1. Which Of The Following Behaviors Indicates The Highest Potential For Spreading
Infections Among Clients? The Nurse:
1) Disinfects Dirty Hands With Antibacterial Soap.
2) Allows Alcohol-Based Rub To Dry For 10 Seconds.
3) Washes Hands Only After Leaving Each Room.
4) Uses Cold Water For Medical Asepsis.
2. What Is The Most Frequent Cause Of The Spread Of Infection Among
Institutionalized Patients?
1) Airborne Microbes From Other Patients
2) Contact With Contaminated Equipment
3) Hands Of Healthcare Workers
4) Exposure From Family Members
3. Which Of The Following Nursing Activities Is Of Highest Priority For Maintaining
Medical Asepsis?
1) Washing Hands
2) Donning Gloves
3) Applying Sterile Drapes
4) Wearing A Gown
4. A Patient Infected With A Virus But Who Does Not Have Any Outward Sign Of The
Disease Is Considered A:
1) Pathogen.
2) Fomite.
3) Vector.
4) Carrier.
5. A Patient Is Admitted To The Hospital With Tuberculosis. Which Precautions Must The
Nurse Institute When Caring For This Patient?
1) Droplet Transmission
2) Airborne Transmission
3) Direct Contact
4) Indirect Contact
, 6. A Patient Becomes Infected With Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) While Receiving
Antibiotics To Treat A Systemic Infection. Which Type Of Infection Has The Patient
Developed?
1) Endogenous Nosocomial
2) Exogenous Nosocomial
3) Latent
4) Primary
7. A Patient Admitted To The Hospital With Pneumonia Has Been Receiving Antibiotics
For 2 Days. His Condition Has Stabilized, And His Temperature Has Returned To Normal.
Which Stage Of Infection Is The Patient Most Likely Experiencing?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Decline
4) Convalescence
8. The Nurse Assists A Surgeon With Central Venous Catheter Insertion. Which
Action Is Necessary To Help Maintain Sterile Technique?
1) Closing The Patients Door To Limit Room Traffic While Preparing The Sterile Field
2) Using Clean Procedure Gloves To Handle Sterile Equipment
3) Placing The Nonsterile Syringes Containing Flush Solution On The Sterile Field
4) Remaining 6 Inches Away From The Sterile Field During The Procedure
9. A Patient Develops Localized Heat And Erythema Over An Area On The Lower
Leg. These Findings Are Indicative Of Which Secondary Defense Against Infection?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Complement Cascade
3) Inflammation
4) Immunity
10. The Patient Suddenly Develops Hives, Shortness Of Breath, And Wheezing After
Receiving An Antibiotic. Which Antibody Is Primarily Responsible For This Patient Response?
1) Iga
2) Ige
3) Igg
4) Igm
11. What Type Of Immunity Is Provided By Intravenous (Iv) Administration
Of Immunoglobulin G?
1) Cell-Mediated
2) Passive
3) Humoral
4) Active
, 12. A Patient Asks The Nurse Why There Is No Vaccine Available For The Common
Cold. Response By The Nurse Is Correct?
1) The Virus Mutates Too Rapidly To Develop A Vaccine.
2) Vaccines Are Developed Only For Very Serious Illnesses.
3) Researchers Are Focusing Efforts On An Hiv Vaccine.
4) The Virus For The Common Cold Has Not Been Identified.
1 . A Patient Who Has A Temperature Of 101f (38.3c) Most Likely Requires:
1) Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
2) Increased Fluids.
3) Bedrest.
4) Tepid Bath.
14. Why Is A Lotion Without Petroleum Preferred Over A Petroleum-Based Product As
A Skin Protectant? It:
1) Prevents Microorganisms From Adhering To The Skin.
2) Facilitates The Absorption Of Latex Proteins Through The Skin.
3) Decreases The Risk Of Latex Allergies.
4) Prevents The Skin From Drying And Chaffing.
15. For Which Range Of Time Must A Nurse Wash Her Hands Before Working In The
Operating Room?
1) 1 To 2 Minutes
2) 2 To 4 Minutes
3) 2 To 6 Minutes
4) 6 To 10 Minutes
16. How Should The Nurse Dispose Of The Breakfast Tray Of A Patient Who Requires
Airborne Isolation?
1) Place The Tray In A Specially Marked Trash Can Inside The Patient Room.
Place The Tray In A Special Isolation Bag Held By A Second Healthcare Worker At The
2) Patient Door.
Return The Tray With A Note To Dietary Services So It Can Be Cleaned And Reused For The
3) Next Meal.
Carry The Tray To An Isolation Trash Receptacle Located In The Dirty Utility Room And
4) Dispose Of It There.
1 . How Much Liquid Soap Should The Nurse Use For Effective Hand Washing? At Least:
1) 2 Ml
2) 3 Ml
3) 6 Ml
4) 7 Ml
, 18. To Assure Effectiveness, When Should The Nurse Stop Rubbing Antiseptic Hand
Solution Over All Surfaces Of The Hands?
1) When Fingers Feel Sticky
2) After 5 To 10 Seconds
3) When Leaving The Clients Room
4) Once Fingers And Hands Feel Dry
19. A Patient Is Admitted To The Hospital For Chemotherapy And Has A Low White
Blood Cell Count. Which Precaution Should The Staff Take With This Patient?
1) Contact
2) Protective
3) Droplet
4) Airborne
20. While Donning Sterile Gloves, The Nurse Notices The Edges Of The Glove Package
Are Slightly Yellow. The Yellow Area Is Over 1 Inch Away From The Gloves And Only
Appears To Be On The Outside Of The Glove Package. What Is The Best Action For The
Nurse To Take At This Point?
1) Continue Using The Gloves Inside The Package Because The Package Is Intact.
2) Remove Gloves From Sterile Field And Use A New Pair Of Sterile Gloves.
3) Throw All Supplies Away That Were To Be Used And Begin Again.
4) Use The Gloves And Make Sure The Yellow Edges Of The Package Do Not Touch The Client.
21. The Nurse Is Removing Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe). Which Item Should
Be Removed First?
1) Gown
2) Gloves
3) Face Shield
4) Hair Covering
22. A Nurse Is Splashed In The Face By Body Fluid During A Procedure. Prioritize The
Nurses Actions, Listing The Most Important One First.
A. Contact Employee Health
B. Complete An Incident Report
C. Wash The Exposed Area
D. Report To Another Nurse That She Is Leaving The Immediate Area.
1) 1, 2, 3, 4
2) 2, 3, 4, 1
3) 3, 4, 1, 2
4) 4, 1, 2, 3
Multiple Response
Identify One Or More Choices That Best Complete The Statement Or Answer The Question.
1. In Which Situation Would Using Standard Precautions Be Adequate? Select All That Apply.
, 1) While Interviewing A Client With A Productive Cough
2) While Helping A Client To Perform His Own Hygiene Care
3) While Aiding A Client To Ambulate After Surgery
4) While Inserting A Peripheral Intravenous Catheter
2. Which Of The Following Protect(S) The Body Against Infection? Select All That Apply.
1) Eating A Healthy Well-Balanced Diet
2) Being An Older Adult Or An Infant
3) Leisure Activities Three Times A Week
4) Exercising For 30 Minutes 5 Days A Week
3. The Nurse Is Teaching A Group Of Newly Hired Nursing Assistive Personnel (Nap)
About Proper Hand Washing. The Nurse Will Know That The Teaching Was Effective If
The Nap Demonstrate What? Select All That Apply. The Nap:
1) Uses A Paper Towel To Turn Off The Faucet.
2) Holds Fingertips Above The Wrists While Rinsing Off The Soap.
3) Removes All Rings And Watch Before Washing Hands.
4) Cleans Underneath Each Fingernail.
4. Alcohol-Based Solutions For Hand Hygiene Can Be Used To Combat Which
Types Of Organisms? Select All That Apply.
1) Virus
2) Bacterial Spores
3) Yeast
4) Mold
5. A Patient With Tuberculosis Is Scheduled For Computed Tomography (Ct). How Should
Thenurse Proceed? Select All That Apply.
1) Question The Order Because The Patient Must Remain In Isolation.
2) Place An N-95 Respirator Mask On The Patient And Transport Him To The Test.
3) Place A Surgical Mask On The Patient And Transport Him To Ct Lab.
4) Notify The Computed Tomography Department About Precautions Prior To Transport.
True/False
Indicate Whether The Statement Is True Or False.
1. Bacteria Are Necessary For Human Health And Well-Being.
,Topic 1. Disease Prevention Answer
Section
Multiple Choice
1. ANSWER: 3
Patients Acquire Infection By Contact With Other Patients, Family Members, And Healthcare
Equipment. But Most Infection Among Patients Is Spread Through The Hands Of Healthcare
Workers.Hand Washing Interrupts The Transmission And Should Be Done Before And After
All Contact With Patients, Regardless Of The Diagnosis. When The Hands Are Soiled,
Healthcare Staff Should Use Antibacterial Soap With Warm Water To Remove Dirt And
Debris From The Skin Surface. When Novisible Dirt Is Present, An Alcohol-Based Rub
Should Be Applied And Allowed To Dry For 10 To 15seconds.
2. ANSWER: 3
Patients Are Exposed To Microbes By Contact (Direct Contact, Airborne, Or Otherwise) With
Other Patients, Family Members, And Contaminated Healthcare Equipment. Some Of These
Are Pathogenic(Cause Illness) And Some Are Nonpathogenic (Do Not Cause Illness). But Most
Microbes Causing Infection Among Patients Are Spread By Direct Contact On The Hands Of
Healthcare Workers.
3. ANSWER: 1
Scrupulous Hand Washing Is The Most Important Part Of Medical Asepsis. Donning
Gloves, Applying Sterile Drapes Before Procedures, And Wearing A Protective Gown May
Be Needed To Ensure Asepsis, But They Are Not The Most Important Aspect Because
Microbes Causing Most Healthcare-Related Infections Are Transmitted By Lack Of Or
Ineffective Hand Washing.
4. ANSWER: 4
Some People Might Harbor A Pathogenic Organism, Such As The Human Immunodeficiency
Virus Within Their Body, And Yet Do Not Acquire The Disease/Infection. These Individuals,
Called Carriers, Have No Outward Sign Of Active Disease, Yet They Can Pass The Infection To
Others. A Pathogen Is An Organism Capable Of Causing Disease. A Fomite Is A Contaminated
Object That Transfers A Pathogen, Such As Pens, Stethoscopes, And Contaminated Needles. A
Vector Is An Organism That Carries A Pathogen To A Susceptible Host Through A Portal For
Entry Into The Body. An Example Of A Vector Is A Mosquito Or Tick That Bites Or Stings.
5. ANSWER: 2
The Organisms Responsible For Measles And Tuberculosis, As Well As Many Fungal
Infections, Are Spread Through Airborne Transmission. Neisseria Meningitidis, The Organism
That Causes Meningitis, Is Spread Through Droplet Transmission. Pathogens That Cause
Diarrhea, Such
As Clostridium Difficile, Are Spread By Direct Contact. The Common Cold Can Be Spread By
Indirect Contact Or Droplet Transmission.
6. ANSWER: 1
Thrush In This Patient Is An Example Of An Endogenous, Nosocomial Infection. This Type Of
Infection Arises From Suppression Of The Patients Normal Flora As A Result Of Some Form
Of Treatment, Such As Antibiotics. Normal Flora Usually Keep Yeast From Growing In The
Mouth. In Exogenous Nosocomial Infection, The Pathogen Arises From The Healthcare
Environment. A Latent Infection Causes No Symptoms For Long Periods. An Example Of A
Latent Infection Is Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. A Primary Infection Is The First
Infection That Occurs In A Patient.
7. ANSWER: 3
The Stage Of Decline Occurs When The Patients Immune Defenses, Along With Any Medical
Therapies (In This Case Antibiotics), Are Successfully Reducing The Number Of Pathogenic
, Microbes. As A Result, The Signs And Symptoms Of Infection Begin To Fade. Incubation Is
The Stage Between The Invasion By The Organism And The Onset Of Symptoms. During The
Incubation Stage, The Patientdoes Not Know He Is Infected And Is Capable Of Infecting
Others. The Prodromal Stage Is Characterized By The First Appearance Of Vague Symptoms.
Convalescence Is Characterized By Tissue Repair And A Return To Heal As The Organisms
Disappear.
8. ANSWER: 1
To Maintain Sterile Technique, The Nurse Should Close The Patients Door And Limit The
Number Of Persons Entering And Exiting The Room Because Air Currents Can Carry Dust
And Microorganisms. Sterile Gloves, Not Clean Gloves, Should Be Used To Handle Sterile
Equipment. Placing Nonsterile Syringes On The Sterile Field Contaminates The Field. One
Foot, Not 6 Inches, Is Required Between People And The Sterile Field To Prevent
Contamination.
9. ANSWER: 3
The Classic Signs Of Inflammation, A Secondary Defense Against Infection, Are Erythema
(Redness) And Localized Heat. The Secondary Defenses Phagocytosis (Process By Which
White Blood Cells Engulf And Destroy Pathogens) And The Complement Cascade (Process By
Which Blood Proteins Trigger The Release Of Chemicals That Attack The Cell Membranes Of
Pathogens) Do Not Produce Visible Findings. Immunity Is A Tertiary Defense That Protects
The Body From Future Infection.
10. ANSWER: 2
The Patient Is Most Likely Experiencing An Allergic Response To The Antibiotic. Ige Is The
Antibody Primarily Responsible For This Allergic Response. The Antibodies Iga, Igg, And Igm
Are Not Involved In The Allergic Response. Iga Antibodies Protect The Body From In Fighting
Viral And Bacterial Infections. Igg Antibioties Are The Only Type That Cross The Placenta In A
Pregnant Women To Protect Her Unborn Baby (Fetus). Igm Are The First Antibodies Made In
Response To Infection.
11. ANSWER: 2
Intravenous Administration Of Immunoglobulin G Provides The Patient With Passive
Immunity. Immunoglobulin G Does Not Provide Cell-Mediated, Humoral, Or Active
Immunity. Passive Immunity Occurs When Antibodies Are Transferred By Antibodies From
An Immune Host, Such As From A Placenta To A Fetus. Passive Immunity Is Short-Lived.
Active Immunity Is Longer Lived And Comes From The Host Itself. Humoral Immunity
Occurs By Secreted Antibodies Binding To Antigens.Cell-Mediated Immunity Does Not
Involve Antibodies But Rather Fight Infection From Macrophagesthat Kills Pathogens.
12. ANSWER: 1
More Than 200 Viruses Are Known To Cause The Common Cold. These Viruses Mutate Too
Rapidly To Develop A Vaccine. Although Some Researchers Are Focusing Efforts On A
Vaccine For Hiv Infection, Others Continue To Research The Common Cold.
13. ANSWER: 2
Fever, A Common Defense Against Infection, Increases Water Loss; Therefore, Additional
Fluid Is Needed To Supplement This Loss. Acetaminophen And A Tepid Bath Are Not
Necessary For This Low- Grade Fever Because Fever Is Beneficial In Fighting Infection.
Adequate Rest, Not Necessarily Bedrest, Is Necessary With A Fever.
14. ANSWER: 3
Nonpetroleum-Based Lotion Is Preferred Because It Prevents The Absorption Of Latex Proteins
Through The Skin, Which Can Cause Latex Allergy. Both Types Of Lotion Prevent The Skin
CURRENT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT 65TH EDITION
By Maxine Papadakis
,Chapter 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
1. Which Of The Following Behaviors Indicates The Highest Potential For Spreading
Infections Among Clients? The Nurse:
1) Disinfects Dirty Hands With Antibacterial Soap.
2) Allows Alcohol-Based Rub To Dry For 10 Seconds.
3) Washes Hands Only After Leaving Each Room.
4) Uses Cold Water For Medical Asepsis.
2. What Is The Most Frequent Cause Of The Spread Of Infection Among
Institutionalized Patients?
1) Airborne Microbes From Other Patients
2) Contact With Contaminated Equipment
3) Hands Of Healthcare Workers
4) Exposure From Family Members
3. Which Of The Following Nursing Activities Is Of Highest Priority For Maintaining
Medical Asepsis?
1) Washing Hands
2) Donning Gloves
3) Applying Sterile Drapes
4) Wearing A Gown
4. A Patient Infected With A Virus But Who Does Not Have Any Outward Sign Of The
Disease Is Considered A:
1) Pathogen.
2) Fomite.
3) Vector.
4) Carrier.
5. A Patient Is Admitted To The Hospital With Tuberculosis. Which Precautions Must The
Nurse Institute When Caring For This Patient?
1) Droplet Transmission
2) Airborne Transmission
3) Direct Contact
4) Indirect Contact
, 6. A Patient Becomes Infected With Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) While Receiving
Antibiotics To Treat A Systemic Infection. Which Type Of Infection Has The Patient
Developed?
1) Endogenous Nosocomial
2) Exogenous Nosocomial
3) Latent
4) Primary
7. A Patient Admitted To The Hospital With Pneumonia Has Been Receiving Antibiotics
For 2 Days. His Condition Has Stabilized, And His Temperature Has Returned To Normal.
Which Stage Of Infection Is The Patient Most Likely Experiencing?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Decline
4) Convalescence
8. The Nurse Assists A Surgeon With Central Venous Catheter Insertion. Which
Action Is Necessary To Help Maintain Sterile Technique?
1) Closing The Patients Door To Limit Room Traffic While Preparing The Sterile Field
2) Using Clean Procedure Gloves To Handle Sterile Equipment
3) Placing The Nonsterile Syringes Containing Flush Solution On The Sterile Field
4) Remaining 6 Inches Away From The Sterile Field During The Procedure
9. A Patient Develops Localized Heat And Erythema Over An Area On The Lower
Leg. These Findings Are Indicative Of Which Secondary Defense Against Infection?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Complement Cascade
3) Inflammation
4) Immunity
10. The Patient Suddenly Develops Hives, Shortness Of Breath, And Wheezing After
Receiving An Antibiotic. Which Antibody Is Primarily Responsible For This Patient Response?
1) Iga
2) Ige
3) Igg
4) Igm
11. What Type Of Immunity Is Provided By Intravenous (Iv) Administration
Of Immunoglobulin G?
1) Cell-Mediated
2) Passive
3) Humoral
4) Active
, 12. A Patient Asks The Nurse Why There Is No Vaccine Available For The Common
Cold. Response By The Nurse Is Correct?
1) The Virus Mutates Too Rapidly To Develop A Vaccine.
2) Vaccines Are Developed Only For Very Serious Illnesses.
3) Researchers Are Focusing Efforts On An Hiv Vaccine.
4) The Virus For The Common Cold Has Not Been Identified.
1 . A Patient Who Has A Temperature Of 101f (38.3c) Most Likely Requires:
1) Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
2) Increased Fluids.
3) Bedrest.
4) Tepid Bath.
14. Why Is A Lotion Without Petroleum Preferred Over A Petroleum-Based Product As
A Skin Protectant? It:
1) Prevents Microorganisms From Adhering To The Skin.
2) Facilitates The Absorption Of Latex Proteins Through The Skin.
3) Decreases The Risk Of Latex Allergies.
4) Prevents The Skin From Drying And Chaffing.
15. For Which Range Of Time Must A Nurse Wash Her Hands Before Working In The
Operating Room?
1) 1 To 2 Minutes
2) 2 To 4 Minutes
3) 2 To 6 Minutes
4) 6 To 10 Minutes
16. How Should The Nurse Dispose Of The Breakfast Tray Of A Patient Who Requires
Airborne Isolation?
1) Place The Tray In A Specially Marked Trash Can Inside The Patient Room.
Place The Tray In A Special Isolation Bag Held By A Second Healthcare Worker At The
2) Patient Door.
Return The Tray With A Note To Dietary Services So It Can Be Cleaned And Reused For The
3) Next Meal.
Carry The Tray To An Isolation Trash Receptacle Located In The Dirty Utility Room And
4) Dispose Of It There.
1 . How Much Liquid Soap Should The Nurse Use For Effective Hand Washing? At Least:
1) 2 Ml
2) 3 Ml
3) 6 Ml
4) 7 Ml
, 18. To Assure Effectiveness, When Should The Nurse Stop Rubbing Antiseptic Hand
Solution Over All Surfaces Of The Hands?
1) When Fingers Feel Sticky
2) After 5 To 10 Seconds
3) When Leaving The Clients Room
4) Once Fingers And Hands Feel Dry
19. A Patient Is Admitted To The Hospital For Chemotherapy And Has A Low White
Blood Cell Count. Which Precaution Should The Staff Take With This Patient?
1) Contact
2) Protective
3) Droplet
4) Airborne
20. While Donning Sterile Gloves, The Nurse Notices The Edges Of The Glove Package
Are Slightly Yellow. The Yellow Area Is Over 1 Inch Away From The Gloves And Only
Appears To Be On The Outside Of The Glove Package. What Is The Best Action For The
Nurse To Take At This Point?
1) Continue Using The Gloves Inside The Package Because The Package Is Intact.
2) Remove Gloves From Sterile Field And Use A New Pair Of Sterile Gloves.
3) Throw All Supplies Away That Were To Be Used And Begin Again.
4) Use The Gloves And Make Sure The Yellow Edges Of The Package Do Not Touch The Client.
21. The Nurse Is Removing Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe). Which Item Should
Be Removed First?
1) Gown
2) Gloves
3) Face Shield
4) Hair Covering
22. A Nurse Is Splashed In The Face By Body Fluid During A Procedure. Prioritize The
Nurses Actions, Listing The Most Important One First.
A. Contact Employee Health
B. Complete An Incident Report
C. Wash The Exposed Area
D. Report To Another Nurse That She Is Leaving The Immediate Area.
1) 1, 2, 3, 4
2) 2, 3, 4, 1
3) 3, 4, 1, 2
4) 4, 1, 2, 3
Multiple Response
Identify One Or More Choices That Best Complete The Statement Or Answer The Question.
1. In Which Situation Would Using Standard Precautions Be Adequate? Select All That Apply.
, 1) While Interviewing A Client With A Productive Cough
2) While Helping A Client To Perform His Own Hygiene Care
3) While Aiding A Client To Ambulate After Surgery
4) While Inserting A Peripheral Intravenous Catheter
2. Which Of The Following Protect(S) The Body Against Infection? Select All That Apply.
1) Eating A Healthy Well-Balanced Diet
2) Being An Older Adult Or An Infant
3) Leisure Activities Three Times A Week
4) Exercising For 30 Minutes 5 Days A Week
3. The Nurse Is Teaching A Group Of Newly Hired Nursing Assistive Personnel (Nap)
About Proper Hand Washing. The Nurse Will Know That The Teaching Was Effective If
The Nap Demonstrate What? Select All That Apply. The Nap:
1) Uses A Paper Towel To Turn Off The Faucet.
2) Holds Fingertips Above The Wrists While Rinsing Off The Soap.
3) Removes All Rings And Watch Before Washing Hands.
4) Cleans Underneath Each Fingernail.
4. Alcohol-Based Solutions For Hand Hygiene Can Be Used To Combat Which
Types Of Organisms? Select All That Apply.
1) Virus
2) Bacterial Spores
3) Yeast
4) Mold
5. A Patient With Tuberculosis Is Scheduled For Computed Tomography (Ct). How Should
Thenurse Proceed? Select All That Apply.
1) Question The Order Because The Patient Must Remain In Isolation.
2) Place An N-95 Respirator Mask On The Patient And Transport Him To The Test.
3) Place A Surgical Mask On The Patient And Transport Him To Ct Lab.
4) Notify The Computed Tomography Department About Precautions Prior To Transport.
True/False
Indicate Whether The Statement Is True Or False.
1. Bacteria Are Necessary For Human Health And Well-Being.
,Topic 1. Disease Prevention Answer
Section
Multiple Choice
1. ANSWER: 3
Patients Acquire Infection By Contact With Other Patients, Family Members, And Healthcare
Equipment. But Most Infection Among Patients Is Spread Through The Hands Of Healthcare
Workers.Hand Washing Interrupts The Transmission And Should Be Done Before And After
All Contact With Patients, Regardless Of The Diagnosis. When The Hands Are Soiled,
Healthcare Staff Should Use Antibacterial Soap With Warm Water To Remove Dirt And
Debris From The Skin Surface. When Novisible Dirt Is Present, An Alcohol-Based Rub
Should Be Applied And Allowed To Dry For 10 To 15seconds.
2. ANSWER: 3
Patients Are Exposed To Microbes By Contact (Direct Contact, Airborne, Or Otherwise) With
Other Patients, Family Members, And Contaminated Healthcare Equipment. Some Of These
Are Pathogenic(Cause Illness) And Some Are Nonpathogenic (Do Not Cause Illness). But Most
Microbes Causing Infection Among Patients Are Spread By Direct Contact On The Hands Of
Healthcare Workers.
3. ANSWER: 1
Scrupulous Hand Washing Is The Most Important Part Of Medical Asepsis. Donning
Gloves, Applying Sterile Drapes Before Procedures, And Wearing A Protective Gown May
Be Needed To Ensure Asepsis, But They Are Not The Most Important Aspect Because
Microbes Causing Most Healthcare-Related Infections Are Transmitted By Lack Of Or
Ineffective Hand Washing.
4. ANSWER: 4
Some People Might Harbor A Pathogenic Organism, Such As The Human Immunodeficiency
Virus Within Their Body, And Yet Do Not Acquire The Disease/Infection. These Individuals,
Called Carriers, Have No Outward Sign Of Active Disease, Yet They Can Pass The Infection To
Others. A Pathogen Is An Organism Capable Of Causing Disease. A Fomite Is A Contaminated
Object That Transfers A Pathogen, Such As Pens, Stethoscopes, And Contaminated Needles. A
Vector Is An Organism That Carries A Pathogen To A Susceptible Host Through A Portal For
Entry Into The Body. An Example Of A Vector Is A Mosquito Or Tick That Bites Or Stings.
5. ANSWER: 2
The Organisms Responsible For Measles And Tuberculosis, As Well As Many Fungal
Infections, Are Spread Through Airborne Transmission. Neisseria Meningitidis, The Organism
That Causes Meningitis, Is Spread Through Droplet Transmission. Pathogens That Cause
Diarrhea, Such
As Clostridium Difficile, Are Spread By Direct Contact. The Common Cold Can Be Spread By
Indirect Contact Or Droplet Transmission.
6. ANSWER: 1
Thrush In This Patient Is An Example Of An Endogenous, Nosocomial Infection. This Type Of
Infection Arises From Suppression Of The Patients Normal Flora As A Result Of Some Form
Of Treatment, Such As Antibiotics. Normal Flora Usually Keep Yeast From Growing In The
Mouth. In Exogenous Nosocomial Infection, The Pathogen Arises From The Healthcare
Environment. A Latent Infection Causes No Symptoms For Long Periods. An Example Of A
Latent Infection Is Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. A Primary Infection Is The First
Infection That Occurs In A Patient.
7. ANSWER: 3
The Stage Of Decline Occurs When The Patients Immune Defenses, Along With Any Medical
Therapies (In This Case Antibiotics), Are Successfully Reducing The Number Of Pathogenic
, Microbes. As A Result, The Signs And Symptoms Of Infection Begin To Fade. Incubation Is
The Stage Between The Invasion By The Organism And The Onset Of Symptoms. During The
Incubation Stage, The Patientdoes Not Know He Is Infected And Is Capable Of Infecting
Others. The Prodromal Stage Is Characterized By The First Appearance Of Vague Symptoms.
Convalescence Is Characterized By Tissue Repair And A Return To Heal As The Organisms
Disappear.
8. ANSWER: 1
To Maintain Sterile Technique, The Nurse Should Close The Patients Door And Limit The
Number Of Persons Entering And Exiting The Room Because Air Currents Can Carry Dust
And Microorganisms. Sterile Gloves, Not Clean Gloves, Should Be Used To Handle Sterile
Equipment. Placing Nonsterile Syringes On The Sterile Field Contaminates The Field. One
Foot, Not 6 Inches, Is Required Between People And The Sterile Field To Prevent
Contamination.
9. ANSWER: 3
The Classic Signs Of Inflammation, A Secondary Defense Against Infection, Are Erythema
(Redness) And Localized Heat. The Secondary Defenses Phagocytosis (Process By Which
White Blood Cells Engulf And Destroy Pathogens) And The Complement Cascade (Process By
Which Blood Proteins Trigger The Release Of Chemicals That Attack The Cell Membranes Of
Pathogens) Do Not Produce Visible Findings. Immunity Is A Tertiary Defense That Protects
The Body From Future Infection.
10. ANSWER: 2
The Patient Is Most Likely Experiencing An Allergic Response To The Antibiotic. Ige Is The
Antibody Primarily Responsible For This Allergic Response. The Antibodies Iga, Igg, And Igm
Are Not Involved In The Allergic Response. Iga Antibodies Protect The Body From In Fighting
Viral And Bacterial Infections. Igg Antibioties Are The Only Type That Cross The Placenta In A
Pregnant Women To Protect Her Unborn Baby (Fetus). Igm Are The First Antibodies Made In
Response To Infection.
11. ANSWER: 2
Intravenous Administration Of Immunoglobulin G Provides The Patient With Passive
Immunity. Immunoglobulin G Does Not Provide Cell-Mediated, Humoral, Or Active
Immunity. Passive Immunity Occurs When Antibodies Are Transferred By Antibodies From
An Immune Host, Such As From A Placenta To A Fetus. Passive Immunity Is Short-Lived.
Active Immunity Is Longer Lived And Comes From The Host Itself. Humoral Immunity
Occurs By Secreted Antibodies Binding To Antigens.Cell-Mediated Immunity Does Not
Involve Antibodies But Rather Fight Infection From Macrophagesthat Kills Pathogens.
12. ANSWER: 1
More Than 200 Viruses Are Known To Cause The Common Cold. These Viruses Mutate Too
Rapidly To Develop A Vaccine. Although Some Researchers Are Focusing Efforts On A
Vaccine For Hiv Infection, Others Continue To Research The Common Cold.
13. ANSWER: 2
Fever, A Common Defense Against Infection, Increases Water Loss; Therefore, Additional
Fluid Is Needed To Supplement This Loss. Acetaminophen And A Tepid Bath Are Not
Necessary For This Low- Grade Fever Because Fever Is Beneficial In Fighting Infection.
Adequate Rest, Not Necessarily Bedrest, Is Necessary With A Fever.
14. ANSWER: 3
Nonpetroleum-Based Lotion Is Preferred Because It Prevents The Absorption Of Latex Proteins
Through The Skin, Which Can Cause Latex Allergy. Both Types Of Lotion Prevent The Skin
