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Certified Nutrition Specialist (CNS) Final Exam – 2025/2026 – 150+ Verified Questions on Nutrient Metabolism, Vitamins, Macronutrients, Energy Systems, Supplementation & Coaching Practice

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This in-depth, expert-reviewed study guide includes over 150 verified exam questions with correct answers, tailored for the 2025/2026 Certified Nutrition Specialist (CNS) Exam. It comprehensively covers advanced nutrition science, clinical applications, and behavioral coaching strategies, making it an ideal resource for both exam success and professional practice. Content Highlights: Human Anatomy & Physiology: Cellular structure, organ systems, digestive pathways, hormones (e.g., insulin, ghrelin, CCK), and metabolic regulation Macronutrient Science: Detailed focus on protein catabolism, amino acids (e.g., leucine, glutamine), fat metabolism, and carbohydrate utilization, including glycemic index, insulin response, and energy yield Micronutrients & Bioavailability: In-depth review of vitamin classifications, absorption mechanisms, dosage recommendations, and deficiencies—Vitamin A, C, D, K, B-complex, folate, inositol, and more Hydration & Electrolytes: Body fluid compartments, sodium balance, aldosterone, dehydration biomarkers, and the physiological role of electrolytes Metabolism & Energy Systems: ATP production, glycolysis, phosphagen system, oxidative phosphorylation, indirect calorimetry, Harris-Benedict formula Supplementation & Safety: Efficacy of thermogenic supplements, glucocorticoids, protein formulations, BCAAs, nutrient claims, label regulations, and FDA standards Nutrition Coaching & Behavioral Science: SMART goals, motivational interviewing, HIPAA, client assessments, coaching strategies, stages of change, and business marketing (SWOT, branding, call to action) Public Health & Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate vs. Food Pyramid, DASH diet, Mediterranean diet, ketogenic and intermittent fasting models, FDA labeling rules, nutrient density, and organic certifications Recommended for: CNS exam candidates seeking comprehensive final exam prep Nutrition coaches and health professionals aiming for clinical credibility Graduate students in functional or integrative nutrition programs Fitness trainers, dietitians, and wellness educators expanding into science-based nutrition and client coaching Each question is clearly labeled with the correct answer, allowing for efficient study, self-assessment, and content mastery. This document reflects real-world exam standards and up-to-date guidelines aligned with the Board for Certification of Nutrition Specialists (BCNS). Keywords: CNS exam 2025, nutrient metabolism, vitamin bioavailability, digestion hormones, amino acids, energy systems, ATP production, thermogenic supplements, motivational interviewing, SMART goals, FDA nutrition labels, electrolyte balance, folate and inositol, DASH diet, keto diet, dietary guidelines, nutrition coaching, functional nutrition, public health nutrition

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Uploaded on
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Certified Nutrition Specialist 2025/2026
Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
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Approximately what percentage of a cell's mass is comprised of water? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔70 percent


A thin polar membrane made of pairs of lipid molecules, is known as a(n) -

🧠 ANSWER ✔✔lipid bilayer


Epithelial cells can be classified as squamous, cuboidal, or - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔columnar


Tendons and ligaments are made of - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔dense connective

tissue

,The three types of muscle found in the human body are: cardiac muscle,

skeletal muscle, and - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔smooth muscle


How many organ systems are in the human body - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔11


Which organ system works closely with the nervous system to produce,

release, and regulate hormones? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Endocrine system


Which of the following is a pulpy, acid fluid passing from the stomach to the

small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partially digested food? - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔Chyme


Specialized cells on the pancreas, which secrete insulin, glucagon, and

somatostatin are referred to as the - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔isles of Langerhans


The small intestine is divided into three sections, in the following order: - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔duodenum, jejunum, ileum


The process of converting ingested nutrients into energy within the body is

known as - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔metabolism


A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1

gram of water by - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1 degree Celsius at a pressure of 1

atmosphere

, What is the caloric (kcal) yield of nutritional fat? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔9 cal


Which method of measuring energy expenditure measures oxygen

consumed, and carbon dioxide produced? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Indirect

calorimetry

Which of the following is widely used to predict an individuals resting

metabolic rate (RMR)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The Harris-Benedict Formula


Which of the following is a principle stating energy cannot be created or

destroyed, but only changed from one form to another? - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔The Law of Conservation of Energy


Within the ATP-ADP cycle, what is the process of adding a phosphate is

called? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rephosphorylation


Which of the following is an enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of ATP to

ADP? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ATPase


The phosphagen system provides an instant source of energy, for up to - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔10 seconds


Which of the following fuel sources is the most effective at producing ATP?

- 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Fatty acids


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