ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy investigates the structure of the body.
Physiology on the other hand deals with the processes or functions of
living organisms. The two scientific disciplines examines the relationship
between the structure of a body part and its function.
Studies in Anatomy
A. Microscopic Anatomy
1. Cytology – study of cells
2. Histology – study of tissues
B. Gross Anatomy
1. Regional anatomy - the study of the body by areas
2. Systemic anatomy - the study of the body by organ systems
3. Surface anatomy - uses superficial structures to locate deeper
structures
4. Developmental anatomy – study of structure throughout the lifespan
5. Embryology – study of structural development from fertilization to
birth
6. Medical or pathological anatomy – study of anatomical changes
caused by disease
Studies in Physiology
1. Cell physiology – study of the function of cells
2. Special physiology – study of the function of organs
3. System physiology – study of the function of organ systems
4. Pathological physiology – study of changes in function caused by
disease
2. Structural and Functional Organization
,Chemical Level- involves how atoms interact to form molecules
• Cell Level- basic functional and structural unit
• Tissues Level- group of cells
• Organ Level- two or more tissues; perform one or more common function
• Organ System Level- group or organs that has common function or set of
functions.
• Organism
,Organ Systems of the Human Body and their Associated Organs
, Characteristics of Living Thing
1. Responsiveness- our body has the ability to detect and respond to
changes in the environment.
2. Growth and Differentiation- The body is capable of cellular
reproduction which allows growth of body structures. The cells also have the
ability to acquire specific characteristics and features to become a
specialized cell, this process is called differentiation.
3. Reproduction- the human body’s process to makes more of the same
kind.
4. Movement- the body can change position and go from one place to
another through body movements.
5. Nutrition and metabolism- the ability to take in food and convert it into
usable energy and nutrients.
6. Excretion- the body has the ability to eliminate wastes and unwanted
substances.
Homeostasis
· It is a condition in which functions, fluids and other factors of the
internal environment are maintained despite fluctuations in the
internal/external environment.
· Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal
environment
o set point is the ideal normal value (body temperature)
o normal range is the fluctuation around set point
Anatomy investigates the structure of the body.
Physiology on the other hand deals with the processes or functions of
living organisms. The two scientific disciplines examines the relationship
between the structure of a body part and its function.
Studies in Anatomy
A. Microscopic Anatomy
1. Cytology – study of cells
2. Histology – study of tissues
B. Gross Anatomy
1. Regional anatomy - the study of the body by areas
2. Systemic anatomy - the study of the body by organ systems
3. Surface anatomy - uses superficial structures to locate deeper
structures
4. Developmental anatomy – study of structure throughout the lifespan
5. Embryology – study of structural development from fertilization to
birth
6. Medical or pathological anatomy – study of anatomical changes
caused by disease
Studies in Physiology
1. Cell physiology – study of the function of cells
2. Special physiology – study of the function of organs
3. System physiology – study of the function of organ systems
4. Pathological physiology – study of changes in function caused by
disease
2. Structural and Functional Organization
,Chemical Level- involves how atoms interact to form molecules
• Cell Level- basic functional and structural unit
• Tissues Level- group of cells
• Organ Level- two or more tissues; perform one or more common function
• Organ System Level- group or organs that has common function or set of
functions.
• Organism
,Organ Systems of the Human Body and their Associated Organs
, Characteristics of Living Thing
1. Responsiveness- our body has the ability to detect and respond to
changes in the environment.
2. Growth and Differentiation- The body is capable of cellular
reproduction which allows growth of body structures. The cells also have the
ability to acquire specific characteristics and features to become a
specialized cell, this process is called differentiation.
3. Reproduction- the human body’s process to makes more of the same
kind.
4. Movement- the body can change position and go from one place to
another through body movements.
5. Nutrition and metabolism- the ability to take in food and convert it into
usable energy and nutrients.
6. Excretion- the body has the ability to eliminate wastes and unwanted
substances.
Homeostasis
· It is a condition in which functions, fluids and other factors of the
internal environment are maintained despite fluctuations in the
internal/external environment.
· Existence and maintenance of a relatively constant internal
environment
o set point is the ideal normal value (body temperature)
o normal range is the fluctuation around set point
