PNC - Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Acceptable temperature range - CORRECT ANSWER - 98.6° F to 100.4° F or 36° C to
38° C
Factors affecting Body Temp - CORRECT ANSWER - - Age
- Hormonal level
- Environment
- Exercise
- Circadian Rhythm
- Temperature Alerations
Pyrexia - CORRECT ANSWER - Fever
Why does a fever occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Body cannot keep pace w/ a heat
production mechanism
- Hypothalamus is unable to keep "set point"
- Pyrogens (bacteria / virus)
Afebrile - CORRECT ANSWER - not having a fever
Fever of unknown origin - CORRECT ANSWER - fever w/ an undetermined cause
Hyperthermia - CORRECT ANSWER - an elevated body temperature resulting from
body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production.
Malignant hyperthermia - CORRECT ANSWER - a hereditary condition of uncontrolled
heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive certain anesthetic drugs.
,Heatstroke - CORRECT ANSWER - - Greater than 104 degrees
when does heatstroke occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs from prolonged exposure to
sun or high environmental temperatures.
signs of heatstroke - CORRECT ANSWER - giddiness, confusion, delirium, excessive
thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, visual disturbances, elevated body temperature, increased heart
rate, and lower blood pressure
when does heat exhaustion occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - profuse diaphoresis results in
water and electrolyte loss
when does hypothermia occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - exposure to cold. core body
temp drops
when does frostbite occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when the body is exposed to
subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside cells, and permanent circulatory and tissue
damage occurs.
sustained fever - CORRECT ANSWER - body temperature is constant and is continuously
above 38° C (100.4° F) with little fluctuation
intermittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER - temperature returns to an acceptable value at
least once in 24 hours
remittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER - temperature spikes and decreases but does not go
back down to normal temperature level
relapsing fever - CORRECT ANSWER - febrile episodes and periods of normothermia are
often longer than 24 hours
, Rectal temperatures are usually 0.5° C (0.9° F) higher than oral temperatures, and axillary
temperatures are usually 0.5° C (0.9° F) lower than oral temperatures. - CORRECT
ANSWER - TRUE
Nutritional Guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER - - Dietary reference intakes (DRIs):
Acceptable range of quantities of vitamins and minerals for each gender and age group
- Food guidelines: Dietary Guidelines (average daily consumption)
- Daily values: Needed protein, vitamins, fats, cholesterol, carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, and
potassium
Assessments - CORRECT ANSWER - - lab tests: albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, retinol
binding protein, total iron-binding capacity, & hemoglobin
- BMI
- Health status; age; cultural background; religious food patterns; socioeconomic status; personal
food preferences; psychological factors; use of alcohol or illegal drugs; use of vitamin, mineral,
or herbal supplements; prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) drugs; and the patient's general
nutrition knowledge
- Physical examination
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Enteral Nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - provides nutrients into GI tract when patient is
unable to swallow or take in nutrients orally
- flush line w/ water to ensure tube is clear & patent
Enteral Nutrition - Risks - CORRECT ANSWER - A serious complication associated with
enteral feedings is aspiration of formula into tracheobronchial tree, which leads to infection.
Enteral Nutrition - Types - CORRECT ANSWER - Polymeric: milk-based, blenderized;
patient's GI tract needs to be able to absorb whole nutrients
Modular: single-macronutrient (protein, glucose, polymers, or lipids) formulas are added to other
foods to meet patients' needs
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Acceptable temperature range - CORRECT ANSWER - 98.6° F to 100.4° F or 36° C to
38° C
Factors affecting Body Temp - CORRECT ANSWER - - Age
- Hormonal level
- Environment
- Exercise
- Circadian Rhythm
- Temperature Alerations
Pyrexia - CORRECT ANSWER - Fever
Why does a fever occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Body cannot keep pace w/ a heat
production mechanism
- Hypothalamus is unable to keep "set point"
- Pyrogens (bacteria / virus)
Afebrile - CORRECT ANSWER - not having a fever
Fever of unknown origin - CORRECT ANSWER - fever w/ an undetermined cause
Hyperthermia - CORRECT ANSWER - an elevated body temperature resulting from
body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production.
Malignant hyperthermia - CORRECT ANSWER - a hereditary condition of uncontrolled
heat production that occurs when susceptible people receive certain anesthetic drugs.
,Heatstroke - CORRECT ANSWER - - Greater than 104 degrees
when does heatstroke occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs from prolonged exposure to
sun or high environmental temperatures.
signs of heatstroke - CORRECT ANSWER - giddiness, confusion, delirium, excessive
thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, visual disturbances, elevated body temperature, increased heart
rate, and lower blood pressure
when does heat exhaustion occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - profuse diaphoresis results in
water and electrolyte loss
when does hypothermia occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - exposure to cold. core body
temp drops
when does frostbite occur? - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs when the body is exposed to
subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside cells, and permanent circulatory and tissue
damage occurs.
sustained fever - CORRECT ANSWER - body temperature is constant and is continuously
above 38° C (100.4° F) with little fluctuation
intermittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER - temperature returns to an acceptable value at
least once in 24 hours
remittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER - temperature spikes and decreases but does not go
back down to normal temperature level
relapsing fever - CORRECT ANSWER - febrile episodes and periods of normothermia are
often longer than 24 hours
, Rectal temperatures are usually 0.5° C (0.9° F) higher than oral temperatures, and axillary
temperatures are usually 0.5° C (0.9° F) lower than oral temperatures. - CORRECT
ANSWER - TRUE
Nutritional Guidelines - CORRECT ANSWER - - Dietary reference intakes (DRIs):
Acceptable range of quantities of vitamins and minerals for each gender and age group
- Food guidelines: Dietary Guidelines (average daily consumption)
- Daily values: Needed protein, vitamins, fats, cholesterol, carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, and
potassium
Assessments - CORRECT ANSWER - - lab tests: albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, retinol
binding protein, total iron-binding capacity, & hemoglobin
- BMI
- Health status; age; cultural background; religious food patterns; socioeconomic status; personal
food preferences; psychological factors; use of alcohol or illegal drugs; use of vitamin, mineral,
or herbal supplements; prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) drugs; and the patient's general
nutrition knowledge
- Physical examination
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
Enteral Nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER - provides nutrients into GI tract when patient is
unable to swallow or take in nutrients orally
- flush line w/ water to ensure tube is clear & patent
Enteral Nutrition - Risks - CORRECT ANSWER - A serious complication associated with
enteral feedings is aspiration of formula into tracheobronchial tree, which leads to infection.
Enteral Nutrition - Types - CORRECT ANSWER - Polymeric: milk-based, blenderized;
patient's GI tract needs to be able to absorb whole nutrients
Modular: single-macronutrient (protein, glucose, polymers, or lipids) formulas are added to other
foods to meet patients' needs
