HUN1201 Unit 2 the Nutrients Exam
Questions with Complete Answers
inorganic nutrients - ANSWER-do not contain carbon as part of their chemical
structure
organic nutrients - ANSWER-contain carbon as part of their chemical structure
macronutrients - ANSWER-found in large amounts in food and needed in larger
amounts in the body
micronutrients - ANSWER-found in small amounts in food and needed in smaller
amounts in the body
energy-yielding nutrients - ANSWER-when metabolized they are converted to ATP
(energy)
nutrient density - ANSWER-a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to
its caloric content
caloric density - ANSWER-a measure of the Calories a food provides relative to the
amount of food
foods - ANSWER-products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the
body to yield energy (ATP) and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth
and repair of tissues
whole foods - ANSWER-found in their natural state; maintain their vitamins and
minerals; contain phytochemical; you get the food in its entirety as nature intended
processed foods - ANSWER-natural composition is altered; have added dyes, salts,
sugar, sodium/potassium benzoate, parabens; have extracted ingredients such as
oils, MSG, food stabilizers, proteins
phytochemicals - ANSWER-substances found in plant foods that are not an essential
nutrient but may have health-promoting properties
zoochemicals - ANSWER-in animals; these are health-promoting substances
fortification - ANSWER-help eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the population, with the
federal government mandating that certain nutrients be added to certain foods
enriched foods - ANSWER-have nutrients added back that were lost during
processing
functional foods - ANSWER-contain physiologically active compounds that provide
health and benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
, nutrients are composed of four main elements: - ANSWER-carbon (C), hydrogen
(H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
the name 'carbohydrate' comes from the three elements that make up the chemical
structure: - ANSWER-carbo= carbon, hydrate=water (includes hydrogen and
oxygen)
simple carbohydrates - ANSWER-sugars
complex carbohydrates - ANSWER-starches & fibers
monosaccharides - ANSWER-single sugars
glucose - ANSWER-blood sugar; also found in dextrose solutions and various
sweeteners.
galactose - ANSWER-found mostly in milk and milk products
fructose - ANSWER-the sweetest sugar; occurs naturally in fruits and honey
disaccharides - ANSWER-pairs of the 3 monosaccharides
maltose - ANSWER-glucose + glucose (found in barley)
sucrose - ANSWER-fructose + glucose (found in fruits, vegetables, grains, table
sugar)
lactose - ANSWER-galactose + glucose (main CHO in milk)
ploysaccharides - ANSWER-many monosaccharides linked together
glycogen - ANSWER-the storage form of glucose in animals (including humans); it is
many glucose molecules linked together in highly branched chains; glycogen is
stored in the muscles and the liver
starch - ANSWER-the storage form of glucose in plants; it is made of many glucose
molecules linked together
fiber (cellulose) - ANSWER-structural parts of plants; found in all plant derived foods
(fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes); it is made of many glucose molecules
linked together, but bonded differently than starch
soluble fibers - ANSWER-dissolves in water, forms gels, and is easily digested by
bacteria in the colon (fermented); food sources include barley, oats, legumes, citrus
fruits; they help protect against heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol; protect
against diabetes by lowering blood glucose levels
Questions with Complete Answers
inorganic nutrients - ANSWER-do not contain carbon as part of their chemical
structure
organic nutrients - ANSWER-contain carbon as part of their chemical structure
macronutrients - ANSWER-found in large amounts in food and needed in larger
amounts in the body
micronutrients - ANSWER-found in small amounts in food and needed in smaller
amounts in the body
energy-yielding nutrients - ANSWER-when metabolized they are converted to ATP
(energy)
nutrient density - ANSWER-a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to
its caloric content
caloric density - ANSWER-a measure of the Calories a food provides relative to the
amount of food
foods - ANSWER-products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the
body to yield energy (ATP) and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth
and repair of tissues
whole foods - ANSWER-found in their natural state; maintain their vitamins and
minerals; contain phytochemical; you get the food in its entirety as nature intended
processed foods - ANSWER-natural composition is altered; have added dyes, salts,
sugar, sodium/potassium benzoate, parabens; have extracted ingredients such as
oils, MSG, food stabilizers, proteins
phytochemicals - ANSWER-substances found in plant foods that are not an essential
nutrient but may have health-promoting properties
zoochemicals - ANSWER-in animals; these are health-promoting substances
fortification - ANSWER-help eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the population, with the
federal government mandating that certain nutrients be added to certain foods
enriched foods - ANSWER-have nutrients added back that were lost during
processing
functional foods - ANSWER-contain physiologically active compounds that provide
health and benefits beyond their nutrient contributions
, nutrients are composed of four main elements: - ANSWER-carbon (C), hydrogen
(H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N)
the name 'carbohydrate' comes from the three elements that make up the chemical
structure: - ANSWER-carbo= carbon, hydrate=water (includes hydrogen and
oxygen)
simple carbohydrates - ANSWER-sugars
complex carbohydrates - ANSWER-starches & fibers
monosaccharides - ANSWER-single sugars
glucose - ANSWER-blood sugar; also found in dextrose solutions and various
sweeteners.
galactose - ANSWER-found mostly in milk and milk products
fructose - ANSWER-the sweetest sugar; occurs naturally in fruits and honey
disaccharides - ANSWER-pairs of the 3 monosaccharides
maltose - ANSWER-glucose + glucose (found in barley)
sucrose - ANSWER-fructose + glucose (found in fruits, vegetables, grains, table
sugar)
lactose - ANSWER-galactose + glucose (main CHO in milk)
ploysaccharides - ANSWER-many monosaccharides linked together
glycogen - ANSWER-the storage form of glucose in animals (including humans); it is
many glucose molecules linked together in highly branched chains; glycogen is
stored in the muscles and the liver
starch - ANSWER-the storage form of glucose in plants; it is made of many glucose
molecules linked together
fiber (cellulose) - ANSWER-structural parts of plants; found in all plant derived foods
(fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes); it is made of many glucose molecules
linked together, but bonded differently than starch
soluble fibers - ANSWER-dissolves in water, forms gels, and is easily digested by
bacteria in the colon (fermented); food sources include barley, oats, legumes, citrus
fruits; they help protect against heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol; protect
against diabetes by lowering blood glucose levels
