Test Bank - for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K. Grove, All Chapters | Complete A+

Solution Manual for
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Statistics for Nursing
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cc Research A Workbook for
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cc Evidence-Based Practice cc




cc 3rd Edition Susan Grove
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, Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded cc cc cc cc cc cc




Measurement: Nominal,
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The questions are in bold followed by answers.
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1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement for the current therapy variable.
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ccProvide a rationale for your answer. cc cc cc cc cc


Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug
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cccategories were probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the
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cccategories of drugs the subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive,
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ccsince patients are usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their
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cchealth problems. The current therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they
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cccannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be considered more or less beneficial
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ccthan another drug category (see Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
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2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study? Provide a rationale
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for your answer.
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Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the cardiac patients
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were receiving this category of drug, which was the most common prescribed drug
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for this sample.
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3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this
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sample? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or
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inappropriate.
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Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI measurement
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resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero (Stone & Frazier,
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2017). Ratio- level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics such as the mean and
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SD (Grove & Gray, 2017; Knapp, 2017).
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4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income in a
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ccstudy: What category identifies your current income as an RN?
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a. Less than $50,000 cc cc


b. $50,000 to 59,999 cc cc


c. $60,000 to 69,999 cc cc


d. $70,000 to 80,000 cc cc


e. $80,000 or greater cc cc




What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income variable follow
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the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal level. The income
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catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000 to greater than $80,000.
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The two open-ended
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AG 1-1 cc

,AG 1-2 cc Answer ccGuidelines ccfor ccQuestions ccto ccBe ccGraded


categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive, since
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catego- ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants making $80,000
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might mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in erroneous data. Category (e)
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could be changed to greater than $80,000, making the categories exclusive. The
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categories can be rank ordered from the lowest salary to the highest salary, which is
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consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz et al., 2017).
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5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-item
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Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants rated
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their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers indicating increased severity
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in the depression symptoms. The total scores for each subject obtained from this multi-
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item scale are considered to be at the interval level of measurement (Gray et al., 2017;
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Waltz et al., 2017).
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5. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores
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for the cardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
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Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD, were conducted to describe CDS
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scores
cc for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data as indicated
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in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level of data (Gray et al.,
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2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
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7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
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importance of this result.
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Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression increased with the
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greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were depressed, whereas 11% of
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the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the NYHA class increased, the number
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of sub- jects with depression increased. This is an expected finding because as the NYHA
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class increases, cardiac patients have more severe physical symptoms, which usually result in
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emotional distress, such as depression. Nurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for
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depression, especially those in higher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and
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treated as needed.
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8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not being treated
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with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your answer to the
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nearest whole percent (%).
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Answer: A total of 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The
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sample included
c c 15 patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see
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Table 1). The number of cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91
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(106 – 15 = 91). The group percent is calculated by the following formula:
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(group frequency ÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients
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÷ 106 sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The final
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answer is rounded to the nearest whole percent as directed in the question.
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You could have also subtracted the 14% of patients treated with antidepressants from
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100% and obtained the 86% who were not treated with an antidepressant.
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t. What was the purpose of the 5-minute walk test (5MWT)? Would the 5MWT be
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useful in clinical practice?
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Answer: Ha et al. (2018) stated, “The 6-min walk test (6MWT) is a measure of the
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submaximal, steady-state functional capacity” of cardiac patients. This test would be a
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quick, easy way to determine a cardiac patient’s functional status in a clinical
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setting. This functional status score could be used to determine the treatment
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plan to promote or maintain functional status of cardiac patients.
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, Answer ccGuidelines ccfor ccQuestions ccto ccBe ccGraded AG 1-3 cc




10. How was exercise confidence measured in this study? What was the level of
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measurement for the exercise confidence variable in this study? Provide a rationale
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for your answer. Answer: Exercise confidence of the patients with heart failure (HF) in
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this study was measured with the Exercise Confidence Scale that included four subscales
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focused on walking, climbing, lifting objects of graded weight, and running (see the study
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narrative). This was a rating scale with values ranging from 0 to 100. The patients’ scores
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for the Total Exercise Confidence scale and the subscales were considered interval-level
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data and analyzed with parametric statistics, such as means and SDs (see the study
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narrative; Waltz et al., 2017).
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