NUR 641E FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND
NUR 641E Final Exam
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_he3omy
1. Absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma
2. Distribution Reversibly or irreversibly move from bloodstream into the interstitial
and intracellular fluid
3. Metabolism Biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues
4. Elimination Lastly, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
5. IV -highest bioavailability
-bypasses absorption
-*avoids first pass in the liver*
6. rectal -erratic and variable absorption
7. 4-5 SS achieved in _-_ half lives
8. Half-life -how long it takes for drug to be excreted from the body
-determines frequency of administration
-predicts how long toxic effects can last
9. first-order (linear) phar- metabolism is directly proportional to the free concentration of the
macokinetics drug
10. zero-order (nonlinear) drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit of time
pharmacokinetics
11. CYP3A4 substrates may have decreased activity if any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used
along with it
12. Discovery laboratory research to develop the new drug
13. Preclinical research animal testing for safety
, NUR 641E Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_he3omy
14. Phase I clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication PK
15. Phase II clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety usually in
a population for which the treatment is intended
16. Phase III clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety
17. Phase IV post marketing surveillance. Reporting of adverse effects not iden-
tified in earlier clinical studies
18. medication safety organi- -ISMP
zations -IOM
-Joint Commission
-NCC MERP
-FDA Safe Use Initiative
19. pharmacological ADR -80-90% of ADRs
-an extension of the pharmacological affect of the drug
-ex. overdose
20. idiosyncratic ADR -separate from the pharmacological affect of the drug
-commonly immune mediated response
21. does not the FDA does/does not mandate that ADRs be reported
22. Polypharmacy involves using multiple health care providers for care, using multiple
medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
23. ACEI -Lisinopril, captopril, enalopil, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril
-suppress the release of ACE
24. ACEI (side effects)
, NUR 641E Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_he3omy
-cough
-angioedema
-discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs
25. ARBs -block angiotensin II receptors
26. primary hypertension -denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause; also
called essential hypertension
-90% of cases
27. secondary hypertension -high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease
-example: chronic renal failure
28. Nitroglycerin -IV/SL/topical/transdermal
-contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors
29. nitrates (contraindica- sildenafil, verdenafil
tions)
30. amiodarone -antiarrhythmic of choice with coexisting heart failure
-can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
31. alpha-1 stimulation -vasoconstriction
-increased blood pressure
32. alpha-1 blockade -vasodilation
-reduced blood pressure
33. beta-1 stimulation -increased HR
-increased BP
-increased CO
34. beta-1 blockade
NUR 641E Final Exam
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_he3omy
1. Absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma
2. Distribution Reversibly or irreversibly move from bloodstream into the interstitial
and intracellular fluid
3. Metabolism Biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues
4. Elimination Lastly, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
5. IV -highest bioavailability
-bypasses absorption
-*avoids first pass in the liver*
6. rectal -erratic and variable absorption
7. 4-5 SS achieved in _-_ half lives
8. Half-life -how long it takes for drug to be excreted from the body
-determines frequency of administration
-predicts how long toxic effects can last
9. first-order (linear) phar- metabolism is directly proportional to the free concentration of the
macokinetics drug
10. zero-order (nonlinear) drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit of time
pharmacokinetics
11. CYP3A4 substrates may have decreased activity if any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used
along with it
12. Discovery laboratory research to develop the new drug
13. Preclinical research animal testing for safety
, NUR 641E Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_he3omy
14. Phase I clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication PK
15. Phase II clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety usually in
a population for which the treatment is intended
16. Phase III clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accepted
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety
17. Phase IV post marketing surveillance. Reporting of adverse effects not iden-
tified in earlier clinical studies
18. medication safety organi- -ISMP
zations -IOM
-Joint Commission
-NCC MERP
-FDA Safe Use Initiative
19. pharmacological ADR -80-90% of ADRs
-an extension of the pharmacological affect of the drug
-ex. overdose
20. idiosyncratic ADR -separate from the pharmacological affect of the drug
-commonly immune mediated response
21. does not the FDA does/does not mandate that ADRs be reported
22. Polypharmacy involves using multiple health care providers for care, using multiple
medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
23. ACEI -Lisinopril, captopril, enalopil, ramipril, benazepril, fosinopril
-suppress the release of ACE
24. ACEI (side effects)
, NUR 641E Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_he3omy
-cough
-angioedema
-discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs
25. ARBs -block angiotensin II receptors
26. primary hypertension -denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause; also
called essential hypertension
-90% of cases
27. secondary hypertension -high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease
-example: chronic renal failure
28. Nitroglycerin -IV/SL/topical/transdermal
-contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors
29. nitrates (contraindica- sildenafil, verdenafil
tions)
30. amiodarone -antiarrhythmic of choice with coexisting heart failure
-can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
31. alpha-1 stimulation -vasoconstriction
-increased blood pressure
32. alpha-1 blockade -vasodilation
-reduced blood pressure
33. beta-1 stimulation -increased HR
-increased BP
-increased CO
34. beta-1 blockade
