TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) .

TNCCK8THKEDITIONKEXAMK10KLATESTKVERSIONSK(VERSIONKAK&KB)K2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIEDKANSWERS)K|ALREADYKGRADEDKA+VERIFIED




AccordingKtoKnewtonsKlawKwhichKofKtheseKtwoKforceKisKgreater:KsizeKorKforce?K-
KANSNeither.KForKeachKforceKthereKisKanKequalKandKoppositeKreaction.




DefineKCushing'sKtriadK-
KANSBradycardia,KprogressiveKhypertensionK(wideningKpulseKpressure),KandKdecreasedK

respiratoryKeffort

DefineKtheKcharacteristicsKofKneurogenicKshockK-
KANSDistributiveKshockKwithKaKT6KorKhigherKinjuryKresultsKandKvasodilation,Kbradycardia,Kf

lushedKwarmKdryKskin.KRiskKforKtemperatureKinstability.KNursingKinterventionsKincludeKmai
ntainingKwarmthKandKspinalKstabilization.

DefineKtheKcharacteristicsKofKspinalKshockK-
KANSTransientKlossKofKfunctionKcanKincludeKlossKofKreflexesKandKmuscleKtoneKbelowKtheKle

velKofKindustryKwithKpossibleKvascularKresponse.

DescribeKoneKfatKembolismKsyndromeKisKmostKlikelyKtoKoccurKinKitsKcharacteristicsK-
KANSWithKlongformKfractures.KTachycardia,KThrombocytopenia,KandKpetechiaeKrash.




DescribeKtheKcharacteristicsKofKcardiogenicKshockK-
KANSCardiogenicKshockKresultsKfromKpumpKfailureKinKtheKpresenceKofKadequateKintravasc

ularKvolume.KLackKofKcardiacKoutputKandKanKorganKperfusionKoccursKsecondaryKtoKaKdecr
easeKinKmyocardialKcontractilityKandKorKvalvularKinsufficiency.KThisKcanKhappenKwithKbluntK
cardiacKtraumaKorKanKMI.KSymptomsKcanKincludeKlowKbloodKpressureKincreaseKheartKrateK
andKrespiratoryKrateKchestKpainKshortnessKofKbreathKdysrhythmiasKincreaseKtroponinKandK
paleKcoolKmoistKskin

DescribeKtheKcharacteristicsKofKdistributiveKshock.K-
KANSDistributiveKshockKoccursKasKaKresultKofKMelKdistributionKofKanKadequateKcirculatingK

bloodKvolumeKwithKtheKlossKofKvascularKtoneKorKincreasedKpermeability.KThisKcanKoccurKwi
thKspinalKcordKinjuries,Ksepsis,KorKanaphylaxis.KSymptomsKincludeKlowKbloodKpressureKhe
artKrateKrespiratoryKrateKpreloadKandKafterload,KspinalKtenderness,KdifficultyKbreathing,Kw
armKpinkKandKdryKskinKwithKaKcoolKcoreKtemperature.

DescribeKtheKcharacteristicsKofKhypovolemicKshockK-
KANSHypovolemiaKisKcausedKbyKaKdecreaseKinKtheKamountKofKcirculatingKvolumeKusuallyK

causedKbyKmassiveKbleeding,KbutKalsoKcanKbeKfromKvomitingKandKdiarrhea.KCharacteristic
sKincludeKlowKbloodKpressureKandKpreload,KincreaseKheartKrateKrespiratoryKrateKandKafterlo
ad,KwithKcontractilityKunchanged.KSignsKincludeKobviousKbleeding,KweakKperipheralKpulse
s,KpaleKcoolKandKmoistKskin,KdistendedKabdomen,KpelvicKfracture,KorKbruiseKswollenKandKd
eformedKextremitiesKespeciallyKlongKbones.

DescribeKtheKcharacteristicsKofKobstructiveKshockK-
KANSObstructiveKshockKisKitKmechanicalKproblem KthatKresultsKfromKhypoperfusionKofKtheKti

ssueKdueKtoKanKobstructionKinKeitherKtheKvasculatureKorKtheKheartKresultingKinKdecreasedK
cardiacKoutput.KSome

,TNCCK8THKEDITIONKEXAMK10KLATESTKVERSIONSK(VERSIONKAK&KB)K2024-
2025KCOMPLETEK200KQUESTIONSKANDKCORRECTKDETAILEDKANSWERSKWITHKRATIONA
LESK(VERIFIEDKANSWERS)K|ALREADYKGRADEDKA+VERIFIED

causesKincludeKaKtensionKpneumothorax,KcardiacKtamponade,KorKvenousKairKembolismKon
KtheKrightKsideKofKtheKheartKduringKsystoleKinKtheKpulmonaryKartery.SignsKincludeKanxiety,K

muffledKheartKsounds,KJVD,Khypertension,KchestKpain,KdifficultyKbreathing,KorKpulsesKpara
doxes.

DescribeKtheKfourKtypesKofKspinalKcordKinjuryK-
KANSCentralKcordKinjuryKresultsKinKgreaterKweaknessKdistally,KanteriorKinjuryKincludesKmot

orKlossKorKweaknessKbelowKtheKcordKlevelKofKinjuryKyetKsensoryKisKintact,KBrown-
SequardK(hemicord)KisKweakKonKoneKsideKwithKsensoryKdeficitKonKoppositeKside,Kposterior
KcordKsyndromeKalthoughKrareKisKwhenKtheKpatientKisKunableKtoKuseKsenseKvibrationKinKpr

oprioception

DescribeKtheKmeasurementKofKanKNPAK-
KANSMeasureKfromKtheKtipKofKtheKpatient'sKnoseKtoKtheKtipKofKtheKpatientsKearlobe.




DifferentiateKbetweenKtheKthreeKimpactsKofKmotorKvehicleKimpactKsequence.K-
KANSTheKfirstKimpactKoccursKwhenKtheKvehicleKcollidedKwithKanotherKobject.KTheKsecond

KimpactKoccursKafterKtheKinitialKimpactKwhenKtheKoccupantKcontinuesKtoKmoveKinKtheKorigi

nalKdirectionKofKtravelKuntilKtheyKcollideKwithKtheKinteriorKofKtheKvehicleKorKmeetKresistance
.KTheKthirdKimpactKoccursKwhenKinternalKstructuresKcollideKwithinKtheKbodyKcavity.

MeasurementKofKanKOPAK-
KANSPlaceKtheKproximalKendKorKflangeKofKtheKairwayKadjunctKatKtheKcornerKofKtheKmouthKto

KtheKtipKofKtheKmandibularKangle.




NameKtheKthreeKwaysKtoKconfirmKETTKplacementK-
KANSPlacementKofKaKCO2KmonitoringKdevice,KAssessingKforKequalKchestKriseKandKfall,Kan

dKlisteningKatKtheKepigastriumKandKfourKlungKfieldsKforKequalKbreathKsounds.

TrueKorKfalse:KNPAsKandKOPAsKareKdefinitiveKairways.K-
KANSFalse.KWhenKplacingKoneKofKthese?KOneKshouldKconsiderKtheKpotentialKneedKforKaKd

efinitiveKairway.

WhatKareKcontributingKfactorsKtoKinjuriesKrelatedKtoKbluntKtraumas?K-
KANSTheKpointKofKimpactKonKtheKpatient'sKbody,KtheKtypeKofKsurfaceKthatKisKhit,KtheKtissuesK

abilityKtoKresistK(boneKversusKsoftKtissue,Kair-
filledKversusKsolidKorgans),KandKtheKtrajectoryKofKforce.

WhatKareKtheKearlyKsignsKofKincreasedKIntracranialKpressureK-
KANSheadache,Kvomiting,KbehavioralKchangesKthatKbeginKwithKrestlessnessKandKmayKpro

gressKtoKconfusion,Kdrowsiness,KorKimpairedKjudgment

WhatKareKtheKfourKtypesKofKshock?K-
KANSHypovolemic,KCardiogenic,KObstructive,K&KDistributive




WhatKareKtheKfourKtypesKofKtraumaKrelatedKinjuries?K-
KANSBlunt,Kpenetrating,Kthermal,KorKblast.

,TNCCK8THKEDITIONKEXAMK10KLATESTKVERSIONSK(VERSIONKAK&KB)K2024-
2025KCOMPLETEK200KQUESTIONSKANDKCORRECTKDETAILEDKANSWERSKWITHKRATIONA
LESK(VERIFIEDKANSWERS)K|ALREADYKGRADEDKA+VERIFIED

WhatKareKtheKgreatestKrisksKforKtransport?K-
KANSLossKofKairwayKpatency,KdisplacedKobstructiveKtubesKlinesKorKcatheters,KdislodgeKspl

intingKdevices,KneedKtoKreplaceKorKreinforceKdressings,KdeteriorationKinKpatientKstatusKcha
ngeKinKvitalKsignsKorKlevelKofKconsciousness,KinjuryKtoKtheKpatientKand/orKteamKmembers

WhatKareKtheKlateKsignsKofKIncreasedKintracranialKpressureK-KANSdilated,Knon-
reactiveKpupil(s);KabnormalKmotorKposturingK(flexion,Kextension,Kflaccidity);KCushing'sKtria
d,KUnresponsiveKtoKperKverbalKandKpainfulKstimuli,KbradycardiaKandKdecreasedKrespiratory
Keffort




WhatKareKtheKsevenKpatternsKofKpathwayKinjuriesKrelatedKtoKmotorKvehicleKaccidents?K-
KANSUpKandKover,KdownKandKunder,Klateral,Krotational,Krear,KrollKover,KandKejection.




WhatKareKtheKsignsKandKsymptomsKofKdecompensatedKshock?K-
KANSDecreasedKlevelKofKconsciousness,Khypertension,KnarrowKpulseKpressure,Ktachycar

diaKwithKweakKpulses,Ktachypnea,KskinKthatKisKcoolKclammyKandKcyanotic,KbaseKaccessKou
tsideKtheKnormalKrange,KandKserumKlactateKlevelsKgreaterKthanKtwoKtoK4MMOL/L.

WhatKareKtheKsignsKandKsymptomsKofKirreversibleKshock?K-
KANSObtundedKstuporousKorKcomatoseKstate,KmarkedKhypertensionKandKheartKfailure,Kbr

adycardiaKwithKpossibleKdysrhythmias,KdecreasedKandKshallowKrespiratoryKrate,KpaleKcool
KandKclammyKskin,KkidneyKliverKandKotherKorganKfailure,KsevereKacidosis,KelevatedKlacticKa

cidKlevels,KworseningKbaseKaccessKonKABGs,KcoagulopathiesKwithKpetechiaeKpurpuraKorK
bleeding.

WhatKareKtheKsignsKofKcompensatedKshock?K-
KANSAnxiety,Kconfusion,Krestlessness,KincreasedKrespiratoryKrate,KnarrowingKpulseKpres

sureKwereKdiastolicKincreasesKyetKsystolicKremainsKunchanged,KtachycardiaKwithKboundin
gKpulses,KandKdecreasedKurinaryKoutput

WhatKareKtheKsymptomsKofKaKsubduralKhematoma?K-
KANSDecreasedKLOC,KnauseaKvomitingKheadacheKandKipsilateralKpupillaryKchanges




WhatKareKtheKthreeKfactorsKthatKcontributeKtoKtheKdamageKcausedKbyKpenetratingKtrauma'
s?K-
KANSTheKpointKofKimpact,KtheKvelocityKandKspeedKofKimpact,KandKtheKproximityKtoKtheKobje

ct.

WhatKareKtheKthreeKprocessesKthatKtransferKoxygenKfromKtheKairKtoKtheKlungsKandKbloodKst
reamK-
KANSVentilation:KtheKactiveKmechanicalKmovementKofKairKintoKandKoutKofKtheKlungs;Kdiffusi

on:KtheKpassiveKmovementKofKgasesKfromKanKareaKofKhigherKconcentrationKtoKanKareaKofKlo
werKconcentration;KandKperfusion:KtheKmovementKofKbloodKtoKandKfromKtheKlungsKasKaKdel
iveryKmediumKofKoxygenKtoKtheKentireKbody.

WhatKareKtheKthreeKstagesKofKshockK-
KANSCompensated,KdecompensatedKorKprogressive,KandKirreversible.

, TNCCK8THKEDITIONKEXAMK10KLATESTKVERSIONSK(VERSIONKAK&KB)K2024-
2025KCOMPLETEK200KQUESTIONSKANDKCORRECTKDETAILEDKANSWERSKWITHKRATIONA
LESK(VERIFIEDKANSWERS)K|ALREADYKGRADEDKA+VERIFIED

WhatKareKtheKtreatmentKgoalsKforKaKTBI?K-
KANSO2KsaturationK>KorKequalKtoK95%,KsystolicKbloodKpressureK>KorKequalKtoK100KMMHG,

KICPK<K15KMMHG,KCPPK>KorKequalKtoK60KMMHG,KnormalKglycemia,KhemoglobinK>KorKequ

alKtoK7Kg/DL,KsodiumK135-145,KosmoticKdiuretics,Kanti-
emetics,Ksedatives,Kanticonvulsants,KheadKofKbedKatK30°,KandKneckKatKmidline

WhatKcausesKquarternaryKeffectsKofKblastKtraumas?K-
KANSAllKexplosionKrelatedKinjuries,Killnesses,KorKdiseasesKnotKdueKtoKtheKfirstKthreeKmech

anisms.KInjuriesKincludeKexternalKandKinternalKburns,KcrushKinjuries,KclosedKandKopenKbrai
nKinjuries,KasthmaticKorKbreathingKproblemsKfromKdustKsmokeKorKtoxicKfumes,Kangina,KorK
hyperKglycemiaKandKhypertension.

WhatKcausesKquinaryKeffectsKofKblastsKtraumas?K-
KANSThoseKassociatedKwithKexposureKtoKhazardousKmaterialsKfromKradioactive,Kbiologic,

KorKchemicalKcomponentsKofKaKblast.KInjuriesKincludeKaKvarietyKofKhealthKeffectsKdependin

gKonKagent.

WhatKcausesKtheKprimaryKeffectsKofKblastKtraumas?K-
KANSTheKdirectKblastKeffects.KTypesKofKinjuriesKincludeKlastKlong,KtympanicKmembraneKru

ptureKandKmiddleKearKdamage,KabdominalKhemorrhageKandKperforation,KglobalKrupture,K
mildKTrumaticKbrainKinjury.

WhatKcausesKtheKsecondaryKeffectsKofKblastKtraumas?K-
KANSProjectilesKpropelledKbyKtheKexplosion.KInjuriesKincludeKpenetratingKorKbluntKinjuriesK

orKIKpenetration.

WhatKcausesKtheKtertiaryKeffectsKofKblastKtraumas?K-
KANSResultsKfromKindividualsKbeingKthrownKbyKtheKblastKwind.KInjuriesKincludeKholeKorKpar

tialKbodyKtranslocationKfromKbeingKthrownKagainstKaKhardKservice:KbluntKorKpenetratingKtra
uma's,Kfractures,KtraumaticKamputations.

WhatKisKaKtrademarkKsymptomKofKanKepiduralKhematomaK-
KANSLossKofKconsciousnessKthenKawakeKandKalertKthenKlossKofKconsciousness




WhatKisKbending?K-
KANSLoadingKaboutKanKaxis.KBendingKcausesKcompressionKonKtheKsideKtheKpersonKisKbe

ndingKtowardKintentionKtoKtheKoppositeKside

WhatKisKcombinedKloading?K-
KANSAnyKcombinationKofKtensionKcompressionKtorsionKbendingKand/orKshear.




WhatKisKcompression?K-KANSCrushingKbyKsqueezingKtogether

WhatKisKCullen'sKsignKandKitsKsignificance?K-
KANSCullensKsignKisKperiumbilicalKbruisingKandKisKindicativeKofKintraperitonealKbleeding




WhatKisKshearing?K-
KANSDamageKbyKtearingKorKbendingKbyKexertingKfaucetKdifferentKpartsKinKoppositeKdirectio

nsKatKtheKsameKtime.