,TEST BANK FOR
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Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 d d
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE d d
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
d d dd d d d d d d d d d d dd
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. dd
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
dd dd d d dd dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
3. A d d specific function of the immune system is to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. recognize self from nonself. d d dd d d
b. defend the body against nonself.d d d d dd d d
c. amplify specific functions. dd d d
d. Both A and B. d d d d d d
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
dd dd dd dd dd d d dd dd dd d d dd dd d d dd
ddbody against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
system also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific
d d d d d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
functions. Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd
phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
d d d d d d d d dd
a. natural resistance. d d
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. d d d d d d d d
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d d d d
d. recovery from infectious disease. dd d d d d
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
d resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
d cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
d d d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
dd d d d d dd d d dd d d
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. d d dd d d
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd
elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
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replicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific
dd dd dd d d dd d d dd d d dd dd dd
cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for
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optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
dd dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
products, and nonlymphoid elements.
d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the d d d d d d d d d d d d dd
a. immediate hours after conception d d d d d d
b. second month of gestation. d d d d d d
c. second trimester of gestation. d d d d d d
d. periods of severe anemia in children. d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in the embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second
d d d d dd d d dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
month of gestation.
d d dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: II dd d d
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
d d d d d d d d
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
d d d d d d d d
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. d d d d d d d d
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
dd d d d d d d
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually,
d d d d dd dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell
d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major
d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d
site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d
appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d
fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d
blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its
d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: II dd d d
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
d d dd d d d d d d d d
a. to reduce inflammation.
d d d d
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
d d d d d d d d d d dd
c. antigen recognition. dd
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
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system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1
d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages
d d d d d d d d dd d d dd d d d d d d d d
resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d
intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues
dd dd d d dd d d dd dd dd d d d d dd
can be released in severe infections.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: II dd d d
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. d d d d d d
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
dd d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes d d dd dd dd dd
(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
dd dd dd
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. dd d d d d d d dd d d d d d d
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases dd d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating
d d d d d d d d dd d d d d dd dd dd dd
blood is associated with:
dd d d dd dd
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba dd
c. allergic reactions dd
d. bacteria
ANS: C
dd dd
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
dd d d d d d d dd d d d d d d dd dd d d
Chapter 1-27 d d
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
MULTIPLE CHOICE d d
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
d d dd d d d d d d d d d d dd
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. dd
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
dd dd d d dd dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
3. A d d specific function of the immune system is to
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. recognize self from nonself. d d dd d d
b. defend the body against nonself.d d d d dd d d
c. amplify specific functions. dd d d
d. Both A and B. d d d d d d
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
dd dd dd dd dd d d dd dd dd d d dd dd d d dd
ddbody against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
system also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific
d d d d d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
functions. Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd
phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
d d d d d d d d dd
a. natural resistance. d d
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. d d d d d d d d
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
d d d d
d. recovery from infectious disease. dd d d d d
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
d resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
d cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
rejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
d d d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
dd d d d d dd d d dd d d
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. d d dd d d
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd
elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
replicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific
dd dd dd d d dd d d dd d d dd dd dd
cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for
dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd dd d d dd dd
optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
dd dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
products, and nonlymphoid elements.
d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the d d d d d d d d d d d d dd
a. immediate hours after conception d d d d d d
b. second month of gestation. d d d d d d
c. second trimester of gestation. d d d d d d
d. periods of severe anemia in children. d d d d d d d d d d
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in the embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second
d d d d dd d d dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd dd
month of gestation.
d d dd dd
DIF: Cognitive Level: II dd d d
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
d d d d d d d d
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
d d d d d d d d
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. d d d d d d d d
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
dd d d d d d d
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
in the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually,
d d d d dd dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the liver and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell
d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major
d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d
site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d
appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d
fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d
blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its
d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: II dd d d
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
d d dd d d d d d d d d
a. to reduce inflammation.
d d d d
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
d d d d d d d d d d dd
c. antigen recognition. dd
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
dd dd d d dd dd dd dd dd dd
system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
the site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1
d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages
d d d d d d d d dd d d dd d d d d d d d d
resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d d d d d d d
intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues
dd dd d d dd d d dd dd dd d d d d dd
can be released in severe infections.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: II dd d d
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
dd d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. d d d d d d
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
dd d d d d d d d d d d dd d d d d d d
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes d d dd dd dd dd
(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
dd dd dd
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. dd d d d d d d dd d d d d d d
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases dd d d d d d d d d d d
DIF: Cognitive Level: I dd d d
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating
d d d d d d d d dd d d d d dd dd dd dd
blood is associated with:
dd d d dd dd
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba dd
c. allergic reactions dd
d. bacteria
ANS: C
