hj
, hj
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7t
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
h Edition Dains
hj hj
, hj
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
Multiple Choice
hj
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
1. Whichhjtypehjofhjclinicalhjdecision-makinghjishjmosthjreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjishjfalse?hjTohjobtainhjadequatehjhistory,hjhealth-carehjprovidershjmusthjbe:
A. Methodicalhjandhjsystematic
B. Attentivehjtohjthehjpatient‘shjverbalhjandhjnonverbalhjlanguage
C. Ablehjtohjaccuratelyhjinterprethjthehjpatient‘shjresponses
D. Adepthjathjreadinghjintohjthehjpatient‘shjstatements
3. Essentialhjpartshjofhjahjhealthhjhistoryhjincludehjallhjofhjthehjfollowinghjexcept:
A. Chiefhjcomplaint
B. Historyhjofhjthehjpresenthjillness
C. Currenthjvitalhjsigns
D. Allhjofhjthehjabovehjarehjessentialhjhistoryhjcomponents
4. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjishjfalse?hjWhilehjperforminghjthehjphysicalhjexamination,hjthehjexaminerhjmusthjbehjablehjto:
A. Differentiatehjbetweenhjnormalhjandhjabnormalhjfindings
B. Recallhjknowledgehjofhjahjrangehjofhjconditionshjandhjtheirhjassociatedhjsignshjandhjsymptoms
C. Recognizehjhowhjcertainhjconditionshjaffecthjthehjresponsehjtohjotherhjconditions
D. Foreseehjunpredictableh j findings
5. Thehjfollowinghjishjthehjleasthjreliablehjsourcehjofhjinformationhjforhjdiagnostichjstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedh j investigations
B. Primaryhjreportshjofhjresearch
C. Estimationhjbasedhjonhjahjprovider‘shjexperience
D. Publishedh j meta-analyses
6. Thehjfollowinghjcanhjbehjusedhjtohjassisthjinhjsoundhjclinicalhjdecision-making:
A. Algorithmhjpublishedhjinhjahjpeer-reviewedhjjournalhjarticle
B. Clinicalhjpracticehjguidelines
C. Evidence-basedh j research
D. Allhjofhjthehjabove
7. Ifhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjhashjhighhjsensitivity,hj thishjindicateshja:
A. Highhjpercentagehjofhjpersonshjwithhjthehjgivenhjconditionhjwillhjhavehjanhjabnormalhjresult
B. Lowhjpercentagehjofhjpersonshjwithhjthehjgivenhjconditionhjwillhjhavehjanhjabnormalhjresult
C. Lowhjlikelihoodhjofhjnormalhjresulthjinhjpersonshjwithouthjahjgivenhjcondition
D. Nonehjofhjthehjabove
8. Ifhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjhashjhighhjspecificity,hjthishjindicateshja:
A. Lowhjpercentagehjofhjhealthyhjindividualshjwillhjshowhjahjnormalhjresult
B. Highhjpercentagehjofhjhealthyhjindividualshjwillhjshowhjahjnormalhjresult
C. Highhjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwithhjahjdisorderhjwillhjshowhjahjnormalhjresult
D. Lowhjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwithhjahjdisorderhjwillhjshowhjanhjabnormalhjresul
t
9. Ahjlikelihoodhjratiohjabovehj1hjindicateshjthathjahjdiagnostichjtesthjshowinghja:
A. Positivehjresulthjishjstronglyhjassociatedhjwithhjthehjdisease
B. Negativehjresulthjishjstronglyhjassociatedhjwithhjabsencehjofhjthehjdisease
C. Positivehjresulthjishjweaklyhjassociatedhjwithhjthehjdisease
D. Negativehjresulthjishjweaklyhjassociatedhjwithhjabsencehjofhjthehjdisease
10. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjclinicalhjreasoninghjtoolshjishjdefinedhjashjevidence-
basedhjresourcehjbasedhjonhjmathematicalhjmodelinghjtohjexpresshjthehjlikelihoodhjofhjahjconditionhjinhjselecthjsituations,hjsettings,hjand/orhj
patients?
, hj
A. Clinicalhjpracticehjguideline
B. Clinicalhjdecisionhjrule
C. Clinicalhjalgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
Answer Section
hj
MULTIPLEhjCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryhj(2009)hjdescribeshjtwohjmajorhjtypeshjofhjclinicalhjdiagnostichjdecision-
making:hjintuitivehjandhjanalytical.hjIntuitivehjdecision-hjmakinghj(similarhjtohjAugenblinkhjdecision-
making)hjishjbasedhjonhjthehjexperiencehjandhjintuitionhjofhjthehjclinicianhjandhjishjlesshjreliablehjandhjpairedhjwithhjfairlyhjcommonhjerrors.hjIn
hjcontrast,hjanalyticalhjdecision-makinghjishjbasedhjonhjcarefulhjconsiderationhjandhjhashjgreater hjreliabilityhjwithhjrarehjerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tohjobtainhjadequatehjhistory,hjprovidershjmusthjbehjwellhjorganized,hjattentivehjtohjthehjpatient‘shjverbalhjandhjnonverbalhjlanguage,hjandhja
blehjtohjaccuratelyhjinterprethjthehjpatient‘shjresponseshjtohjquestions.hjRatherhjthanhjreadinghjintohjthehjpatient‘shjstatements,hjtheyhjclarifyh
janyhjareashjofhjuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalhjsignshjarehjparthjofhjthehjphysicalhjexaminationhjportionhjofhjpatienthjassessment,hjnothjparthjofhjthehjhealthhjhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilehjperforminghjthehjphysicalhjexamination,hjthehjexaminerhjmusthjbehjablehjtohjdifferentiatehjbetweenhjnormalhjandhjabnormalhjfinding
s,hjrecallhjknowledgehjofhjahjrangehjofhjconditions,hjincludinghjtheirhjassociatedhjsignshjandhjsymptoms,hjrecognizehjhowhjcertainhjconditionshj
affecthjthehjresponsehjtohjotherhjconditions,hjandhjdistinguishhjthehjrelevancehjofhjvariedhjabnormalhjfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourceshjforhjdiagnostichjstatisticshjincludehjtextbooks,hjprimaryhjreportshjofhjresearch,hjandhjpublishedhjmeta-
analyses.hjAnotherhjsourcehjofhjstatistics,hjthehjonehjthathjhashjbeenhjmosthjwidelyhjusedhjandhjavailablehjforhjapplicationhjtohjthehjreasoninghjpr
ocess,hjishjthehjestimationhjbasedhjonhjahjprovider‘shjexperience,hjalthoughhjthesehjarehjrarelyhjaccurate.hjOverhjthehjpasthjdecade,hjthehjavaila
bilityhjofhjevidencehjonhjwhichhjtohjbasehjclinicalhjreasoninghjishjimproving,h j andhjtherehjishjanhjincreasinghjexpectationhjthathjclinicalhjreaso
ninghjbehjbasedhjonhjscientifichjevidence.
Evidence-basedhjstatisticshj arehj alsohjincreasinglyhjbeinghjusedhjtohjdeveloph j resourceshjtohjfacilitateh j clinicalh j decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Tohjassisthjinhjclinicalhjdecision-making,hjahjnumberhjofhjevidence-
basedhjresourceshjhavehjbeenhjdevelopedhjtohjassisthjthehjclinician.hjResources,hjsuchhjashjalgorithmshjandhjclinicalhjpracticehjguidelines,hja
ssisthjinhjclinicalhjreasoninghjwhenhjproperlyhjapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thehjsensitivityhjofhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjishjthehjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwithhjthehjtargethjconditionhjwhohjshowhjanhjabnormal,hjorh j posit
ive,hjresult.hjAhjhighhjsensitivityhjindicateshjthathjahjgreaterhjpercentagehjofhjpersonshjwithhjthehjgivenhjconditionhjwillhjhavehjanhjabnormalhjre
sult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thehjspecificityhjofhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjishjthehjpercentagehjofhjnormal,hjhealthyhjindividualshjwhohjhavehjahjnormalhjresult.hjThehjgreaterhjt
hehjspecificity,hjthehjgreaterhjthehjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwhohjwillhjhavehjnegative,hjorhjnormal,hjresultshjifhjtheyhjdohjnothjhavehjthehjta
rgethjcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Thehjlikelihoodhjratiohjishjthehjprobabilityhjthathjahjpositivehjtesthjresulthjwillhjbehjassociatedhjwithhjahjpersonhjwhohjhashjthehjtargethjconditionhja
ndhjahjnegativehjresulthjwillhjbehjassociatedhjwithhjahjhealthyhjperson.hjAhjlikelihoodhjratiohjabovehj1hjindicateshjthathjahjpositivehjresulthjishjass
ociatedhjwithhjthehjdisease;hjahjlikelihoodhjratiohjlesshjthanhj1hjindicateshjthathjahjnegativehjresulthjishjassociatedhjwithhjanhjabsencehjofhjthehjdise
ase.
, hj
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 7t
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
h Edition Dains
hj hj
, hj
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
Multiple Choice
hj
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
1. Whichhjtypehjofhjclinicalhjdecision-makinghjishjmosthjreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjishjfalse?hjTohjobtainhjadequatehjhistory,hjhealth-carehjprovidershjmusthjbe:
A. Methodicalhjandhjsystematic
B. Attentivehjtohjthehjpatient‘shjverbalhjandhjnonverbalhjlanguage
C. Ablehjtohjaccuratelyhjinterprethjthehjpatient‘shjresponses
D. Adepthjathjreadinghjintohjthehjpatient‘shjstatements
3. Essentialhjpartshjofhjahjhealthhjhistoryhjincludehjallhjofhjthehjfollowinghjexcept:
A. Chiefhjcomplaint
B. Historyhjofhjthehjpresenthjillness
C. Currenthjvitalhjsigns
D. Allhjofhjthehjabovehjarehjessentialhjhistoryhjcomponents
4. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjishjfalse?hjWhilehjperforminghjthehjphysicalhjexamination,hjthehjexaminerhjmusthjbehjablehjto:
A. Differentiatehjbetweenhjnormalhjandhjabnormalhjfindings
B. Recallhjknowledgehjofhjahjrangehjofhjconditionshjandhjtheirhjassociatedhjsignshjandhjsymptoms
C. Recognizehjhowhjcertainhjconditionshjaffecthjthehjresponsehjtohjotherhjconditions
D. Foreseehjunpredictableh j findings
5. Thehjfollowinghjishjthehjleasthjreliablehjsourcehjofhjinformationhjforhjdiagnostichjstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedh j investigations
B. Primaryhjreportshjofhjresearch
C. Estimationhjbasedhjonhjahjprovider‘shjexperience
D. Publishedh j meta-analyses
6. Thehjfollowinghjcanhjbehjusedhjtohjassisthjinhjsoundhjclinicalhjdecision-making:
A. Algorithmhjpublishedhjinhjahjpeer-reviewedhjjournalhjarticle
B. Clinicalhjpracticehjguidelines
C. Evidence-basedh j research
D. Allhjofhjthehjabove
7. Ifhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjhashjhighhjsensitivity,hj thishjindicateshja:
A. Highhjpercentagehjofhjpersonshjwithhjthehjgivenhjconditionhjwillhjhavehjanhjabnormalhjresult
B. Lowhjpercentagehjofhjpersonshjwithhjthehjgivenhjconditionhjwillhjhavehjanhjabnormalhjresult
C. Lowhjlikelihoodhjofhjnormalhjresulthjinhjpersonshjwithouthjahjgivenhjcondition
D. Nonehjofhjthehjabove
8. Ifhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjhashjhighhjspecificity,hjthishjindicateshja:
A. Lowhjpercentagehjofhjhealthyhjindividualshjwillhjshowhjahjnormalhjresult
B. Highhjpercentagehjofhjhealthyhjindividualshjwillhjshowhjahjnormalhjresult
C. Highhjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwithhjahjdisorderhjwillhjshowhjahjnormalhjresult
D. Lowhjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwithhjahjdisorderhjwillhjshowhjanhjabnormalhjresul
t
9. Ahjlikelihoodhjratiohjabovehj1hjindicateshjthathjahjdiagnostichjtesthjshowinghja:
A. Positivehjresulthjishjstronglyhjassociatedhjwithhjthehjdisease
B. Negativehjresulthjishjstronglyhjassociatedhjwithhjabsencehjofhjthehjdisease
C. Positivehjresulthjishjweaklyhjassociatedhjwithhjthehjdisease
D. Negativehjresulthjishjweaklyhjassociatedhjwithhjabsencehjofhjthehjdisease
10. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjclinicalhjreasoninghjtoolshjishjdefinedhjashjevidence-
basedhjresourcehjbasedhjonhjmathematicalhjmodelinghjtohjexpresshjthehjlikelihoodhjofhjahjconditionhjinhjselecthjsituations,hjsettings,hjand/orhj
patients?
, hj
A. Clinicalhjpracticehjguideline
B. Clinicalhjdecisionhjrule
C. Clinicalhjalgorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj hj
Answer Section
hj
MULTIPLEhjCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryhj(2009)hjdescribeshjtwohjmajorhjtypeshjofhjclinicalhjdiagnostichjdecision-
making:hjintuitivehjandhjanalytical.hjIntuitivehjdecision-hjmakinghj(similarhjtohjAugenblinkhjdecision-
making)hjishjbasedhjonhjthehjexperiencehjandhjintuitionhjofhjthehjclinicianhjandhjishjlesshjreliablehjandhjpairedhjwithhjfairlyhjcommonhjerrors.hjIn
hjcontrast,hjanalyticalhjdecision-makinghjishjbasedhjonhjcarefulhjconsiderationhjandhjhashjgreater hjreliabilityhjwithhjrarehjerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tohjobtainhjadequatehjhistory,hjprovidershjmusthjbehjwellhjorganized,hjattentivehjtohjthehjpatient‘shjverbalhjandhjnonverbalhjlanguage,hjandhja
blehjtohjaccuratelyhjinterprethjthehjpatient‘shjresponseshjtohjquestions.hjRatherhjthanhjreadinghjintohjthehjpatient‘shjstatements,hjtheyhjclarifyh
janyhjareashjofhjuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalhjsignshjarehjparthjofhjthehjphysicalhjexaminationhjportionhjofhjpatienthjassessment,hjnothjparthjofhjthehjhealthhjhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilehjperforminghjthehjphysicalhjexamination,hjthehjexaminerhjmusthjbehjablehjtohjdifferentiatehjbetweenhjnormalhjandhjabnormalhjfinding
s,hjrecallhjknowledgehjofhjahjrangehjofhjconditions,hjincludinghjtheirhjassociatedhjsignshjandhjsymptoms,hjrecognizehjhowhjcertainhjconditionshj
affecthjthehjresponsehjtohjotherhjconditions,hjandhjdistinguishhjthehjrelevancehjofhjvariedhjabnormalhjfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourceshjforhjdiagnostichjstatisticshjincludehjtextbooks,hjprimaryhjreportshjofhjresearch,hjandhjpublishedhjmeta-
analyses.hjAnotherhjsourcehjofhjstatistics,hjthehjonehjthathjhashjbeenhjmosthjwidelyhjusedhjandhjavailablehjforhjapplicationhjtohjthehjreasoninghjpr
ocess,hjishjthehjestimationhjbasedhjonhjahjprovider‘shjexperience,hjalthoughhjthesehjarehjrarelyhjaccurate.hjOverhjthehjpasthjdecade,hjthehjavaila
bilityhjofhjevidencehjonhjwhichhjtohjbasehjclinicalhjreasoninghjishjimproving,h j andhjtherehjishjanhjincreasinghjexpectationhjthathjclinicalhjreaso
ninghjbehjbasedhjonhjscientifichjevidence.
Evidence-basedhjstatisticshj arehj alsohjincreasinglyhjbeinghjusedhjtohjdeveloph j resourceshjtohjfacilitateh j clinicalh j decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Tohjassisthjinhjclinicalhjdecision-making,hjahjnumberhjofhjevidence-
basedhjresourceshjhavehjbeenhjdevelopedhjtohjassisthjthehjclinician.hjResources,hjsuchhjashjalgorithmshjandhjclinicalhjpracticehjguidelines,hja
ssisthjinhjclinicalhjreasoninghjwhenhjproperlyhjapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thehjsensitivityhjofhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjishjthehjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwithhjthehjtargethjconditionhjwhohjshowhjanhjabnormal,hjorh j posit
ive,hjresult.hjAhjhighhjsensitivityhjindicateshjthathjahjgreaterhjpercentagehjofhjpersonshjwithhjthehjgivenhjconditionhjwillhjhavehjanhjabnormalhjre
sult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thehjspecificityhjofhjahjdiagnostichjstudyhjishjthehjpercentagehjofhjnormal,hjhealthyhjindividualshjwhohjhavehjahjnormalhjresult.hjThehjgreaterhjt
hehjspecificity,hjthehjgreaterhjthehjpercentagehjofhjindividualshjwhohjwillhjhavehjnegative,hjorhjnormal,hjresultshjifhjtheyhjdohjnothjhavehjthehjta
rgethjcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Thehjlikelihoodhjratiohjishjthehjprobabilityhjthathjahjpositivehjtesthjresulthjwillhjbehjassociatedhjwithhjahjpersonhjwhohjhashjthehjtargethjconditionhja
ndhjahjnegativehjresulthjwillhjbehjassociatedhjwithhjahjhealthyhjperson.hjAhjlikelihoodhjratiohjabovehj1hjindicateshjthathjahjpositivehjresulthjishjass
ociatedhjwithhjthehjdisease;hjahjlikelihoodhjratiohjlesshjthanhj1hjindicateshjthathjahjnegativehjresulthjishjassociatedhjwithhjanhjabsencehjofhjthehjdise
ase.
