,Chapter 01: Radiation History
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Radiation is defined as
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record
image shadows on a receptor.
c. A high- energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target
in an x-ray tube.
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a
beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ows on a
receptor.
X-radiation is a high-Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with
ametal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of
X-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
sand radiobiology
2. A radiograph is defined as
a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record
image shadows on a receptor.
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image
recepto r tox-rays.
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
ANSWER: B
Rationale: An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and
record image shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the
passage of x- rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of
making dental images by the exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of
energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2
OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
sand radiobiology
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is
thecorrect response?
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is se
en clinically.
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of den
talimages.
ANSWER: D
Rationale: An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen
clinically. Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms.
Dental images are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental
diseases are typicall y discovered only through the use of dental images.
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
4. The x-ray was discovered by
a. Heinrich Geissler
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Johann Hittorf
d. William Crookes
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen
discovered the x- ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that
discharges emitted from the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines,
produced heat, and resulted in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the
late 1870s that cathode rays were streams of charged particles.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
a. Otto Walkoff
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Edmund Kells
d. Weston Price
ANSWER:C C
Rationale: Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm
Roentg en was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pers
on. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
6. Current fast radiographic film requires
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial
exposure ti mesused in 1920.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5
OBJ: 6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
a. C. Edmund Kells
b. Franklin W. McCormack
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
d. Howard Riley Raper
ANSWER: C
Rationale: C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W.
McCormack r eintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified
the parallelin gtechnique with the introduction of the long-
cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi
secting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
a. Increased patient radiation exposure
b. Increased patient comfort
c. Increased speed for viewing images
d. Increased chemical usage
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more
sensitive to x- rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient
comfort. The i mage from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor
without the nee d for chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and
evaluation.h The ima ge fromdigital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and
monitor without the need f or chemicalprocessing.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of di
gital radiography
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
a. Beta particles
b. Alpha particles
c. Cathode rays
d. Radioactive materials
ANSWER: C
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Radiation is defined as
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record
image shadows on a receptor.
c. A high- energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target
in an x-ray tube.
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-ray is a
beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ows on a
receptor.
X-radiation is a high-Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with
ametal target in an x-ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of
X-rays.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
sand radiobiology
2. A radiograph is defined as
a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record
image shadows on a receptor.
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image
recepto r tox-rays.
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
ANSWER: B
Rationale: An x-ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and
record image shadows on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the
passage of x- rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of
making dental images by the exposure of a receptor to x-rays. Radiation is a form of
energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2
OBJ: 1 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic
sand radiobiology
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is
thecorrect response?
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is se
en clinically.
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of den
talimages.
ANSWER: D
Rationale: An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen
clinically. Many dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms.
Dental images are a necessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental
diseases are typicall y discovered only through the use of dental images.
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
4. The x-ray was discovered by
a. Heinrich Geissler
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Johann Hittorf
d. William Crookes
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen
discovered the x- ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that
discharges emitted from the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines,
produced heat, and resulted in a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the
late 1870s that cathode rays were streams of charged particles.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
a. Otto Walkoff
b. Wilhelm Roentgen
c. Edmund Kells
d. Weston Price
ANSWER:C C
Rationale: Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm
Roentg en was a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pers
on. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
6. Current fast radiographic film requires
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D
Rationale: Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial
exposure ti mesused in 1920.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5
OBJ: 6 TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of
x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
a. C. Edmund Kells
b. Franklin W. McCormack
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald
d. Howard Riley Raper
ANSWER: C
Rationale: C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W.
McCormack r eintroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified
the parallelin gtechnique with the introduction of the long-
cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi
secting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
a. Increased patient radiation exposure
b. Increased patient comfort
c. Increased speed for viewing images
d. Increased chemical usage
ANSWER: C
Rationale: Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more
sensitive to x- rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient
comfort. The i mage from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor
without the nee d for chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and
evaluation.h The ima ge fromdigital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and
monitor without the need f or chemicalprocessing.
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of di
gital radiography
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
a. Beta particles
b. Alpha particles
c. Cathode rays
d. Radioactive materials
ANSWER: C
