TNCC: Biomechanics, Kinematics, MOI
"yaw" of a projectile - ANSability to move up and down
acceleration forces - ANSsudden and rapid onset of motion
ex: parked car hit by a high speed vehicle
another form of mechanical energy with compression forces - ANShanging,
strangulation, or compression asphyxia (chemical)
Biomechanics - ANSgeneral study of forces and their effects on living tissue & the
human body
cavitation - ANSseparation of tissue resulting from a sound and/or hydraulic wave force
can cause crushing/tearing/shearing forces
Chemical energy - ANSheat energy transfer from active chemical substances such as
chlorine, drain cleaner, acids, or plants
common mechanisms of blunt trauma - ANS1. Fall
2. MVC
3. Bike collisions
4. Peds struck
5. Assualts
compression forces - ANSexternal force applied at time of impact
ex:
stationary objects (dashboard or steering wheels that push into someone)
objects in motion (bullets/stabbing instruments/bats & balls/fits and feet)
blast forces
compression strength - ANStissue's ability to resist crush force
deceleration forces - ANSsudden stop in the body's motion
ex: falls/collisions
difference in pedestrian struck (adult vs peds) - ANSadults commonly have lateral or
posterior impacts as they try to turn away while peds usually turn toward the car causing
anterior impact
down & under injuries - ANSlower extremity & pelvis fractures
, TNCC: Biomechanics, Kinematics, MOI
drowning is what kind of energy? - ANSmechanical energy forces are involved when
water enters the lungs and shearing force cause the lungs to expand and bleed
dry drowning - ANSresult of spasm of the larynx when water enters the throat, this
causes a mechanical airway obstruction and altered hemodynamics or blood flow
dynamic pressure - ANSmuch like a gust of wind, this can carry with it fragments and
debris
Electrical energy - ANSlight socket/power lines/lightening
energy transfers & injuries FALLS - ANS1. point of impact determines major point of
energy transfer
2. type of surface that is hit (extent the surface can absorb energy)
3. tissues ability to resist
4. pushing increases acceleration
example of compression injuries - ANSwhen the organs are crushed from surrounding
internal organs or structures (seatbelts -> compress small bowel or lumbar spine)
example of high/medium velocity - ANSfirearms
medium -> handgun/shotgun
large -> long gun (rifles)
explosives
example of low velocity injuries - ANSstab wounds
example of shear strength - ANScoup/contrecoup (boxer being hit in the head)
explosive related injuries - auditory - ANSTM Rupture
Cochlear Damage
Ossicular disruption
Foreign Body
explosive related injuries - circulatory - ANScardiac contusion
MI from air embolism
shock
vasovagal hypotension
peripheral vascular injury
air embolism-induced injury
"yaw" of a projectile - ANSability to move up and down
acceleration forces - ANSsudden and rapid onset of motion
ex: parked car hit by a high speed vehicle
another form of mechanical energy with compression forces - ANShanging,
strangulation, or compression asphyxia (chemical)
Biomechanics - ANSgeneral study of forces and their effects on living tissue & the
human body
cavitation - ANSseparation of tissue resulting from a sound and/or hydraulic wave force
can cause crushing/tearing/shearing forces
Chemical energy - ANSheat energy transfer from active chemical substances such as
chlorine, drain cleaner, acids, or plants
common mechanisms of blunt trauma - ANS1. Fall
2. MVC
3. Bike collisions
4. Peds struck
5. Assualts
compression forces - ANSexternal force applied at time of impact
ex:
stationary objects (dashboard or steering wheels that push into someone)
objects in motion (bullets/stabbing instruments/bats & balls/fits and feet)
blast forces
compression strength - ANStissue's ability to resist crush force
deceleration forces - ANSsudden stop in the body's motion
ex: falls/collisions
difference in pedestrian struck (adult vs peds) - ANSadults commonly have lateral or
posterior impacts as they try to turn away while peds usually turn toward the car causing
anterior impact
down & under injuries - ANSlower extremity & pelvis fractures
, TNCC: Biomechanics, Kinematics, MOI
drowning is what kind of energy? - ANSmechanical energy forces are involved when
water enters the lungs and shearing force cause the lungs to expand and bleed
dry drowning - ANSresult of spasm of the larynx when water enters the throat, this
causes a mechanical airway obstruction and altered hemodynamics or blood flow
dynamic pressure - ANSmuch like a gust of wind, this can carry with it fragments and
debris
Electrical energy - ANSlight socket/power lines/lightening
energy transfers & injuries FALLS - ANS1. point of impact determines major point of
energy transfer
2. type of surface that is hit (extent the surface can absorb energy)
3. tissues ability to resist
4. pushing increases acceleration
example of compression injuries - ANSwhen the organs are crushed from surrounding
internal organs or structures (seatbelts -> compress small bowel or lumbar spine)
example of high/medium velocity - ANSfirearms
medium -> handgun/shotgun
large -> long gun (rifles)
explosives
example of low velocity injuries - ANSstab wounds
example of shear strength - ANScoup/contrecoup (boxer being hit in the head)
explosive related injuries - auditory - ANSTM Rupture
Cochlear Damage
Ossicular disruption
Foreign Body
explosive related injuries - circulatory - ANScardiac contusion
MI from air embolism
shock
vasovagal hypotension
peripheral vascular injury
air embolism-induced injury
