Test Bank - for Statistics for Nursing Research A Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice 3rd Edition by Susan K. Grove, All Chapters | Complete Guide A+

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olution Manual for Statistics for Nursing Research A
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Workbook for Evidence-Based Practice, 3rd Edition,
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Susan Grove, Daisha Cipher b b b




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1
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Ratio

The questions are in bold followed by answers.
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1. In Table 1, identify the level of measurement
b b b b b b b b for b the b current b therapy
b variable. Provide a rationale for your answer. b b b b b b




Answer: The current therapy variable was measured at the nominal level. These drug categories
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




were probably developed to be exhaustive for this study and included the categories of drugs
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




the subjects were receiving. However, the categories are not exclusive, since patients
b b b b b b b b b b b b




are usually on more than one category of these drugs to manage their health
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




problems. The current therapies are not measured at the ordinal level because they
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




cannot be rank ordered, since no drug category can be considered more or less
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




beneficial than another drug category (see Figure 1-1; Grove & Gray, 2019).
b b b b b b b b b b b b




2. What is the mode for the current therapy variable in this study?
b b b b b b b b b b b




Provide a rationale foryour answer.
b b b b b b




Answer: The mode for current therapy was β blocker. A total of 100 (94%) of the
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cardiac patients
b b




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your this category of drug, which was the most common
were receiving b b b b b b b b b b




prescribed drug for thissample.
b b b b b




3. What statistics were conducted to describe the BMI of the cardiac patients in this
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sample? Discuss whether these analysis techniques were appropriate or
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inappropriate.
b




Answer: BMI was described with a mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI
b b b b b b b b b b b




measurement resulted in ratio-level data with continuous values and an absolute zero
b b b b b b b b b b b b




(Stone & Frazier, 2017). Ratio- level data should be analyzed with parametric statistics
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such as the mean and SD (Grove & Gray,2017; Knapp, 2017).
b b b b b b b b b b b b




4. Researchers used the following item to measure registered nurses’ (RNs) income
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bin a study:What category identifies your current income as an RN?
b b b b b b b b b b b




a. Less than $50,000 b b




b. $50,000 to 59,999 b b




c. $60,000 to 69,999 b b




d. $70,000 to 80,000 b b




e. $80,000 or greater b b




What level of measurement is this income variable? Does the income
b b b b b b b b b b




variable follow the rules outlined in Figure 1-1? Provide a rationale for your
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




answer.
b




Answer: In this example, the income variable is measured at the ordinal
b b b b b b b b b b b




blevel. The income catego- ries are exhaustive, ranging from less than $50,000
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bto greater than
b b




$80,000. The two open-ended b b b




AG 1-1 b




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your




AG 1-2 b Answer Guidelines for Questions to Be Graded b b b b b b




categories ensure that all salary levels are covered. The categories are not exclusive,
b b b b b b b b b b b b




since catego- ries (d) and (e) include an $80,000 salary, so study participants
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bmaking
$80,000 might mark either (d) or (e) or both categories, resulting in b b b b b b b b b b b




berroneous data. Category (e) could be changed to greater than $80,000, making the b b b b b b b b b b b b




categories exclusive. The categories can be rank ordered from the lowest salary to the
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bhighest salary, which is consistent with ordinal data (Grove & Gray, 2019; Waltz
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bet al., 2017). b b




5. What level of measurement is the CDS score? Provide a rationale for your answer.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




Answer: The CDS score is at the interval level of measurement. The CDS is a 26-item
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Likert scale developed to measure depression in cardiac patients. Study participants
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rated their symp- toms on a scale of 1 to 7, with higher numbers
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bindicating increased severity in the depression symptoms. The total scores for each b b b b b b b b b b b




subject obtained from this multi-item scale are considered to be at the interval level of
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




measurement (Gray et al., 2017; Waltz et al., 2017).
b b b b b b b b b




6. Were nonparametric or parametric analysis techniques used to analyze the CDS scores forthe
b b b b b b b b b b b b




bcardiac patients in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
b b b b b b b b b b




Answer: Parametric statistics, such as mean and SD,
b were conducted to b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




describe CDS scores for study participants (see Table 1). CDS scores are interval-level data
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




as indicated in Questions 5, so parametric statistics are appropriate for this level
b b b b b b b b b b b b b




of data (Gray et al., 2017; Kim & Mallory, 2017).
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7. Is the prevalence of depression linked to the NYHA class? Discuss the clinical
b b b b b b b b b b b b




bimportance of this result. b b b




Answer: The study narrative indicated that the prevalence of depression b b b b b b b b b




bincreased with the greater NYHA class. In NYHA class III, 64% of the subjects were b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




bdepressed, whereas 11% of the subjects were depressed in NYHA class I. Thus, as the b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




bNYHA class increased, the number of sub- jects with depression increased. This is an expected
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




finding because as the NYHA class increases, cardiac patients have more severe
b b b b b b b b b b b b




bphysical symptoms, which usually result in emotional distress, such as depression.
b b b b b b b b b b




bNurses need to actively assess cardiac patients for depression, especially those in
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bhigher NYHA classes, so they might be diagnosed and treated as needed.
b b b b b b b b b b b




8. What frequency and percent of cardiac patients in this study were not
b b b b b b b b b b b




bbeing treated with an antidepressant? Show your calculations and round your
b b b b b b b b b b




banswer to the nearest whole percent (%). b b b b b b




Answer: A total of b b 106 cardiac patients participated in this study. The
sample included 15
b b b patients who were receiving an antidepressant (see Table b b b b b b b




b1). The number of b cardiac patients not treated for depression was 91 (106 – b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




b15 b




= 91). The group b b b b percent b is b calculated by b b b the b b following b b formula: b b (group

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b frequencyyour÷ total sample size) × 100%. For this study, (91 patients ÷ 106
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b sample size) × 100% = 0.858 × 100% = 85.8% = 86%. The
b b b b b b final answer
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b b is




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