Biology 161 Exam 1 | Latest study |
Questions and verified Answers
Homeostasis - ANSW-he body's ability to maintain a nearly constant environment
the body's ability to maintain a nearly constant environment - ANSW-homeostasis
Temperature - ANSW-Temperature ~ 37 degrees Celsius
pH of blood - ANSW-7.4
Blood volume - ANSW-80 ml/kg (4 to 6 liters total)
Sugar levels (hormone - ANSW-insulin
Two main types of "control systems" in the body - ANSW-Negative OR positive feedback loops
Loops - ANSW-series of reactions involving molecules, cells and tissues
Positive feedback loops - ANSW-- self-amplifying cycles in which an INITIAL change leads to a greater
change
- Used to cause rapid change in the body•Closely regulated with negative loops
All molecules in our bodies - ANSW-are made of atoms
Elements are identified by - ANSW-number of protons (atomic number)
Ions - ANSW-atoms that have uneven number of protons and electrons•
Some atoms give up electrons easily - ANSW-cations (+ charge)
Some atoms accept electrons easily - ANSW-anions (- charge)
Ions can be attracted to each other to form - ANSW-molecules
Na+Cl - ANSW-ionic bonds (complete transfer of electrons)to make salt
Example of Ions: - ANSW-Nervous System - Action potentials (communication)
Molecules consist of multiple atoms that associate with each through - ANSW-bonds
Water is polar because - ANSW-oxygen "hogs" the electrons of the bonds causing a small difference in
charge (not as big as an ion)
Hydrogen bonds - ANSW-occur between polar molecules that contain hydrogen
Organic molecules - ANSW-contain carbon
Four primary categories of organic molecules - ANSW-•Carbohydrates•Lipids•Proteins•Nucleic Acids
Monomer - ANSW-single molecular unit of a polymer
Polymer - ANSW-molecule containing many repeating molecular units (monomers)
Carbohydrates - ANSW-•Carb Monomers• Ex. Glucose and Fructose•Carb Polymers (of glucose
monomers)
Enzymes (proteins) - ANSW-used to breakdown sugar in the process of cellular respiration to release
energy
three main types of lipid - ANSW-phospholipids, triglycerides and steroids
Phospholipids - ANSW-Consist of fatty acids, phosphate group and glycerol
Triglycerides - ANSW-function in energy storage and insulation
•Consist of 3 fatty acids and glycerol
, Fatty acids can have different amounts of - ANSW-hydrogen "saturation"
Difference in types of bonds between carbons - ANSW-Single vs. double and/or triple bonds
Saturated Fats: - ANSW-All single bonds
Unsaturated Fats - ANSW-Contain single, double, and/or triple
Proteins are - ANSW-polymers of amino acid monomers
Sequence of amino acids - ANSW-primary structure
Primary structures folds to make - ANSW-final protein shape
Proteins control - ANSW-many reactionsthat help maintain homeostasis
DNA polymer consists of - ANSW-four different nucleotides
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSW-energy transfer in the body
Gene expression - ANSW-the process of making proteins from our DNA
Transcription - ANSW-Makes a working copy of the gene (RNA)
Translation - ANSW-Translate the nucleotides to amino acids
Cytoplasm - ANSW-•Fluid inside cell
•Also called intracellular fluid
•Location of many chemical reactions including some with cellular respiration
Nucleus - ANSW-•Location of DNA
•Surrounding by nuclear membrane (lipids) that helps regulate transport in and out of nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSW-•Made of lipids
•Location of translation (protein synthesis) via ribosomes
•Ribosomes are organelles made of proteins and RNA
Golgi Bodies - ANSW-•Stacks of membranes
•Packaging proteins for transport in membrane "bubbles" called vesicles
production of RNA from DNA (transcription) is in - ANSW-nucleus
RNA is translated to amino acids (proteins) - ANSW-ER
Mitochondria - ANSW-Function in ATP production (cell respiration)
Mitochondria have a small circular piece of DNA - ANSW-•Inherited from mom (egg)
•Mutations can cause diseases
•Mitochondrial myopathy
Cytoskeleton - ANSW-Network of proteins in the cytoplasm
•Functions:
•Structural support
•Tracks for transport of vesicle or organelles
•Important for muscle function
•Cytoskeletal proteins (actin) allow for muscle contraction
The plasma membrane is made of - ANSW-phospholipids, cholesterol and membrane proteins
Questions and verified Answers
Homeostasis - ANSW-he body's ability to maintain a nearly constant environment
the body's ability to maintain a nearly constant environment - ANSW-homeostasis
Temperature - ANSW-Temperature ~ 37 degrees Celsius
pH of blood - ANSW-7.4
Blood volume - ANSW-80 ml/kg (4 to 6 liters total)
Sugar levels (hormone - ANSW-insulin
Two main types of "control systems" in the body - ANSW-Negative OR positive feedback loops
Loops - ANSW-series of reactions involving molecules, cells and tissues
Positive feedback loops - ANSW-- self-amplifying cycles in which an INITIAL change leads to a greater
change
- Used to cause rapid change in the body•Closely regulated with negative loops
All molecules in our bodies - ANSW-are made of atoms
Elements are identified by - ANSW-number of protons (atomic number)
Ions - ANSW-atoms that have uneven number of protons and electrons•
Some atoms give up electrons easily - ANSW-cations (+ charge)
Some atoms accept electrons easily - ANSW-anions (- charge)
Ions can be attracted to each other to form - ANSW-molecules
Na+Cl - ANSW-ionic bonds (complete transfer of electrons)to make salt
Example of Ions: - ANSW-Nervous System - Action potentials (communication)
Molecules consist of multiple atoms that associate with each through - ANSW-bonds
Water is polar because - ANSW-oxygen "hogs" the electrons of the bonds causing a small difference in
charge (not as big as an ion)
Hydrogen bonds - ANSW-occur between polar molecules that contain hydrogen
Organic molecules - ANSW-contain carbon
Four primary categories of organic molecules - ANSW-•Carbohydrates•Lipids•Proteins•Nucleic Acids
Monomer - ANSW-single molecular unit of a polymer
Polymer - ANSW-molecule containing many repeating molecular units (monomers)
Carbohydrates - ANSW-•Carb Monomers• Ex. Glucose and Fructose•Carb Polymers (of glucose
monomers)
Enzymes (proteins) - ANSW-used to breakdown sugar in the process of cellular respiration to release
energy
three main types of lipid - ANSW-phospholipids, triglycerides and steroids
Phospholipids - ANSW-Consist of fatty acids, phosphate group and glycerol
Triglycerides - ANSW-function in energy storage and insulation
•Consist of 3 fatty acids and glycerol
, Fatty acids can have different amounts of - ANSW-hydrogen "saturation"
Difference in types of bonds between carbons - ANSW-Single vs. double and/or triple bonds
Saturated Fats: - ANSW-All single bonds
Unsaturated Fats - ANSW-Contain single, double, and/or triple
Proteins are - ANSW-polymers of amino acid monomers
Sequence of amino acids - ANSW-primary structure
Primary structures folds to make - ANSW-final protein shape
Proteins control - ANSW-many reactionsthat help maintain homeostasis
DNA polymer consists of - ANSW-four different nucleotides
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ANSW-energy transfer in the body
Gene expression - ANSW-the process of making proteins from our DNA
Transcription - ANSW-Makes a working copy of the gene (RNA)
Translation - ANSW-Translate the nucleotides to amino acids
Cytoplasm - ANSW-•Fluid inside cell
•Also called intracellular fluid
•Location of many chemical reactions including some with cellular respiration
Nucleus - ANSW-•Location of DNA
•Surrounding by nuclear membrane (lipids) that helps regulate transport in and out of nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum - ANSW-•Made of lipids
•Location of translation (protein synthesis) via ribosomes
•Ribosomes are organelles made of proteins and RNA
Golgi Bodies - ANSW-•Stacks of membranes
•Packaging proteins for transport in membrane "bubbles" called vesicles
production of RNA from DNA (transcription) is in - ANSW-nucleus
RNA is translated to amino acids (proteins) - ANSW-ER
Mitochondria - ANSW-Function in ATP production (cell respiration)
Mitochondria have a small circular piece of DNA - ANSW-•Inherited from mom (egg)
•Mutations can cause diseases
•Mitochondrial myopathy
Cytoskeleton - ANSW-Network of proteins in the cytoplasm
•Functions:
•Structural support
•Tracks for transport of vesicle or organelles
•Important for muscle function
•Cytoskeletal proteins (actin) allow for muscle contraction
The plasma membrane is made of - ANSW-phospholipids, cholesterol and membrane proteins
