ACCURATE VTNE PREP
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
An 11-year old male German shepherd dog with previously diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
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presents to your clinic following a dog fight. The dog is significantly aggressive and resistant to handling.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
What medication should NOT be used to sedate this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dexmedetomidine
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
should only be used in patients with normal cardiac function as it can cause a significant reduction in
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
cardiac output due to reduced heart rate.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following is the reason that fluoroquinolones are usually avoided when treating young foals?
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- CORRECT ANSWER -Adverse effects on the articular cartilage
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Il`
A 5-year old female spayed Yorkie presents with a history of decreased vision. The doctor asks you to
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
perform tonometry on this dog. Which of the following may be used as a topical anesthetic to the eyes so
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
that you may check the intraocular pressures with your Tonopen? - CORRECT ANSWER -Proparacaine is a
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
topical anesthetic for the eyes
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Il`
A client has a dog with allergies, and the doctor recommends she give the dog diphenhydramine
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
(Benadryl) twice daily for 1 week. She instructs that the dog have 3.0 mg/kg every 12 hours. Over-
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
thecounter Benadryl contains 12.5 mg per teaspoon, and the owner wishes to give a liquid. What quantity
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
of Benadryl in milliliters should the dog receive every 12 hours if he weighs 8 pounds? - CORRECT ANSWER
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
-12.5 mg/5 mL = 2.5 mg/mL
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Il`
The dog weighs 8 pounds/ 2.2 pounds/kg = 3.6 kg
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Il`
The dog needs 3.0 mg/kg per dose.
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Il`
So, 3.0 mg/kg X 3.6 kg = 10.8 mg per dose (every 12 hours)
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Il`
10.8 mg/ 2.5 mg/mL = 4.3 mL Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
,What is the most common drug in most euthanasia solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pentobarbital
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Diphenhydramine is typically used in treating which of the following conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Allergic reactions
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Il`
Which of the following medications should be used with caution in cats, as it could cause blindness in
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
some cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -Enrofloxacin (Baytril) is used in cats at no higher than a 5mg/kg per dose.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Higher doses increase the risk for blindness in cats, and in general this drug should be used with caution
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
because of this potential side effect.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A veterinarian hands you a prescriptions that reads:
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Cephalexin 250 mg, SIG: 3 cap PO BID x 14d Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
What is correct amount of medication to dispense and what directions should be typed on the drug label?
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
- CORRECT ANSWER -84 capsules (250 mg each) of cephalexin. Give 3 capsules by mouth twice daily for 14
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
days.
Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following antimicrobial medications should not be administered to young, growing animals? -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
CORRECT ANSWER -Enrofloxacin, and other drugs in fluoroquinolone class, should not be used in young,
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
growing animals as it causes damage to the joint cartilage.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 20-kg patient is being sent home on famotidine to help with potential esophagitis. How many 10 mg
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
tablets should be sent home with the owner, if the patient requires 0.5 mg/kg PO BID x 7 days? -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
CORRECT ANSWER -14 Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A client rushes in her puppy which was accidentally dropped and received a trauma to the head. Which
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
medication is an osmotic diuretic and may be used to help decrease intracranial pressure in a situation like
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
this? - CORRECT ANSWER -Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is often given to help decrease intracranial
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
pressure in cases of trauma or seizures.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Lincosamides (such as lincomycin and clindamycin) are contraindicated for use in which species of animal?
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- CORRECT ANSWER -equine
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Il`
You want to give a 22 pound cat a 5 mg/kg dose of a drug. The drug comes as a 2.5% solution. How many
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
milliliters should you give the cat? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 mL
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Il`
, Which of the following drugs is an anticonvulsant? - CORRECT ANSWER -phenobarbital
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following can cause severe gastritis and should be used with extreme caution when inducing
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
vomiting? - CORRECT ANSWER -hydrogen peroxide
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following drugs is commonly given by intravenous injection to humanely euthanize small
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
animals? - CORRECT ANSWER -pentobarbital
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 2-year old domestic short hair cat presents for ingestion of the flowers seen in the picture below. The
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
ingestion occurred about 2 hours ago and no clinical signs have been noted yet. What does the ingestion
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
of this plant cause in cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -renal failure
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following drugs is a controlled substance? - CORRECT ANSWER -hydrocodone
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
You are helping the neurologist with a Tensilon test in a dog. Tensilon is the trade name for edrophonium
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
chloride. By administering this drug, you are testing for which disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Myasthenia
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
gravis
Il` Il`
Il`
You should not give a phenothiazine tranquilizer to an animal with which disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
epilepsy Il` Il`
-Phenothiazine tranquilizers such as acepromazine or chlorpromazine are traditionally thought to be Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following drugs is NOT useful in the treatment of seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER Butorphanol
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which drug can be given as a tablet into the conjunctival sac in the eye to induce vomiting? - CORRECT
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ANSWER -Apomorphine
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Il`
The doctor hands you a written prescription for spironolactone and asks you to give it to a client while they
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
are checking out. The client asks you to remind her what this medication is for again, and you reply that: -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
CORRECT ANSWER -It is a diuretic for her pet's congestive heart failure
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 1200-gram bird needs to receive an injection of an antibiotic. The antibiotic dose to be administered is
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
15 mg/kg. It comes in a 10 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters does this bird need? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
The first thing to do is to convert the body weight into kilograms. In this way, the units will not get mixed
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
up. There are 1000 grams in one kilo, so...
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Il`
PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
An 11-year old male German shepherd dog with previously diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
presents to your clinic following a dog fight. The dog is significantly aggressive and resistant to handling.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
What medication should NOT be used to sedate this patient? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dexmedetomidine
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
should only be used in patients with normal cardiac function as it can cause a significant reduction in
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
cardiac output due to reduced heart rate.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following is the reason that fluoroquinolones are usually avoided when treating young foals?
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
- CORRECT ANSWER -Adverse effects on the articular cartilage
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 5-year old female spayed Yorkie presents with a history of decreased vision. The doctor asks you to
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
perform tonometry on this dog. Which of the following may be used as a topical anesthetic to the eyes so
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
that you may check the intraocular pressures with your Tonopen? - CORRECT ANSWER -Proparacaine is a
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
topical anesthetic for the eyes
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A client has a dog with allergies, and the doctor recommends she give the dog diphenhydramine
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
(Benadryl) twice daily for 1 week. She instructs that the dog have 3.0 mg/kg every 12 hours. Over-
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
thecounter Benadryl contains 12.5 mg per teaspoon, and the owner wishes to give a liquid. What quantity
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
of Benadryl in milliliters should the dog receive every 12 hours if he weighs 8 pounds? - CORRECT ANSWER
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
-12.5 mg/5 mL = 2.5 mg/mL
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
The dog weighs 8 pounds/ 2.2 pounds/kg = 3.6 kg
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
The dog needs 3.0 mg/kg per dose.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
So, 3.0 mg/kg X 3.6 kg = 10.8 mg per dose (every 12 hours)
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
10.8 mg/ 2.5 mg/mL = 4.3 mL Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
,What is the most common drug in most euthanasia solutions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pentobarbital
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Diphenhydramine is typically used in treating which of the following conditions? - CORRECT ANSWER Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Allergic reactions
Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following medications should be used with caution in cats, as it could cause blindness in
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
some cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -Enrofloxacin (Baytril) is used in cats at no higher than a 5mg/kg per dose.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Higher doses increase the risk for blindness in cats, and in general this drug should be used with caution
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
because of this potential side effect.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A veterinarian hands you a prescriptions that reads:
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Cephalexin 250 mg, SIG: 3 cap PO BID x 14d Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
What is correct amount of medication to dispense and what directions should be typed on the drug label?
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
- CORRECT ANSWER -84 capsules (250 mg each) of cephalexin. Give 3 capsules by mouth twice daily for 14
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
days.
Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following antimicrobial medications should not be administered to young, growing animals? -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
CORRECT ANSWER -Enrofloxacin, and other drugs in fluoroquinolone class, should not be used in young,
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
growing animals as it causes damage to the joint cartilage.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 20-kg patient is being sent home on famotidine to help with potential esophagitis. How many 10 mg
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
tablets should be sent home with the owner, if the patient requires 0.5 mg/kg PO BID x 7 days? -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
CORRECT ANSWER -14 Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A client rushes in her puppy which was accidentally dropped and received a trauma to the head. Which
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
medication is an osmotic diuretic and may be used to help decrease intracranial pressure in a situation like
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
this? - CORRECT ANSWER -Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is often given to help decrease intracranial
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
pressure in cases of trauma or seizures.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Lincosamides (such as lincomycin and clindamycin) are contraindicated for use in which species of animal?
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
- CORRECT ANSWER -equine
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
You want to give a 22 pound cat a 5 mg/kg dose of a drug. The drug comes as a 2.5% solution. How many
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
milliliters should you give the cat? - CORRECT ANSWER -2 mL
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
, Which of the following drugs is an anticonvulsant? - CORRECT ANSWER -phenobarbital
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following can cause severe gastritis and should be used with extreme caution when inducing
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
vomiting? - CORRECT ANSWER -hydrogen peroxide
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following drugs is commonly given by intravenous injection to humanely euthanize small
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
animals? - CORRECT ANSWER -pentobarbital
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 2-year old domestic short hair cat presents for ingestion of the flowers seen in the picture below. The
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
ingestion occurred about 2 hours ago and no clinical signs have been noted yet. What does the ingestion
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
of this plant cause in cats? - CORRECT ANSWER -renal failure
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following drugs is a controlled substance? - CORRECT ANSWER -hydrocodone
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
You are helping the neurologist with a Tensilon test in a dog. Tensilon is the trade name for edrophonium
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
chloride. By administering this drug, you are testing for which disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -Myasthenia
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
gravis
Il` Il`
Il`
You should not give a phenothiazine tranquilizer to an animal with which disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
epilepsy Il` Il`
-Phenothiazine tranquilizers such as acepromazine or chlorpromazine are traditionally thought to be Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders.
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which of the following drugs is NOT useful in the treatment of seizures? - CORRECT ANSWER Butorphanol
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
Which drug can be given as a tablet into the conjunctival sac in the eye to induce vomiting? - CORRECT
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
ANSWER -Apomorphine
Il` Il` Il`
Il`
The doctor hands you a written prescription for spironolactone and asks you to give it to a client while they
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
are checking out. The client asks you to remind her what this medication is for again, and you reply that: -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
CORRECT ANSWER -It is a diuretic for her pet's congestive heart failure
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
A 1200-gram bird needs to receive an injection of an antibiotic. The antibiotic dose to be administered is
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
15 mg/kg. It comes in a 10 mg/ml solution. How many milliliters does this bird need? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
The first thing to do is to convert the body weight into kilograms. In this way, the units will not get mixed
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
up. There are 1000 grams in one kilo, so...
Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il` Il`
Il`
